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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 273-742-8 | CAS number: 69012-43-7 Product resulting from cleaning anodes and electrolyzing cells in an electrolytic zinc plant with zinc sulfate. Consists primarily of oxides of lead and manganese and calcium sulfate.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Long-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- fish early-life stage toxicity
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- No guideline followed. Study well conducted and documented. All NOEC values in the paper seem un-bounded (NOEC< lowest reported values). The NOEC for survival and abnormalities reported in this IUCLID-file were obtained by probit analysis using the raw data as given in the original publication (P<0.02).
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 994
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- long term toxicity testing of lead to fish
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Lead dinitrate
- EC Number:
- 233-245-9
- EC Name:
- Lead dinitrate
- Cas Number:
- 10099-74-8
- Details on test material:
- no details provided
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Cyprinus carpio
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: common carp
METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF FERTILIZED EGGS
Artificial fertilization of carp eggs as described by Oyen et al. (1991)
- Numbers of parental fish (i.e. of females used to provide required number of eggs): three different males
- Method of collection of fertilised eggs: carp eggs (300-400) placed in petridishes were fertilized by sperm from three different males, resulting in three different batches of eggs.
- Subsequent handling of eggs: Immediately after fertilization different petridishes with the fertilized eggs stuck to the bottom were placed in a 4L aquarium (five per group; for details see Oyen et al., 1991; Oyen, 1993)
Study design
- Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 35 mg/L CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 23°C
- pH:
- 5.6 ± 0.07 (control)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal concentrations:0.12;0.24;0.48;0.96 µmol/L (= 24.9;49.7;99.5;198.9 µg/L)
Measured concentrations: Desired Pb concentrations were within 5% of the calculated values as verified by Atom Absorption Spectrophotometric (AAS) analyses. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Embryo cups (if used, type/material, size, fill volume): petri-dish
- Test vessel:
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 4L aquarium
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter):
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): complete turnover in 10h
- No. of fertilized eggs/embryos per vessel:5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates):6
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water:artificial water: demineralized water containing the following ions(in mmol/L):
0.06 KCl; 0.4 NaHCO3; 0.2 MgSO4; 0.8 CaCl2
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Water pH was adjusted to 5.6 via gradual addition of 0.01M sulfuric acid using pH-stat equipment
- Photoperiod: 12h light
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Mortality of eggs and larvae, deformation of larvae were examined.
Dead eggs and larvae were counted at 6, 12, 25, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 170h after fertilization and immediately removed to prevent fungal growth. Eggs were considered dead when parts of the content turned opaque and white, or when heart beat had stopped. The percentage of deformed larvae (including dead ones) was determined after microscopic examination.
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 17.8 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- other: (estimated using the conversion equation according to Blust (2010); the actual measured total Pb EC10 is 17.8 (3.6-86.6) ug/L)
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: confidence limits: 3.6-86.6 µg/L
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 48.8 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- other: (estimated using the conversion equation according to Blust (2010); the actual measured total Pb EC10 is 48.8 (30.1-79.0) ug/L)
- Basis for effect:
- morphology
- Remarks:
- abnormalities of larvae
- Remarks on result:
- other: confidence limits: 30.1-79.0 µg/L
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Data are expressed as means ±SE(n=6). A one-way analysis of variance was used to assess differences between groups. Significance of differences was subsequently tested using the Student t-test. Significance was accepted for P<0.05. Significance is expressed at the level of P<0.05; P<0.02;P<0.01;P<0.001 compared to control, values. EC10 values were calculated using log-logistic curve fitting of the raw data
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
Fertilized eggs of the carps were placed in 4L aquaria containing salts dissolved in demineralized water. Therefore a very low background Pb concentration ( 1µg/L) was assumed. Temperature was maintained at 23°C. The dilution factor was 0.5. Statistics was reported, but all NOEC values seemed to be unbounded (NOEC lowest reported values). However, from the raw data own probit analysis could be performed and the following reliable EC10 values at pH 5.6 could be calculated: 20 µg Pb/L for the endpoint survival and 49 µg Pb/L for the endpoint deformation.
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