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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 235-759-9 | CAS number: 12656-85-8 This substance is identified in the Colour Index by Colour Index Constitution Number, C.I. 77605.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
In vitro:
Several mutagenicity tests in are available that were done with and without S9 metabolic activation. Neither test followed a specific guideline. The mutagenicity test was positive either at low concentration level (up to 500 µg/plate) in the presence of a solubilizing agent (Connor and Pier, 1990) or when elevated concentration of test substance (2 mg/plate) was evaluated (De Flora, 1981). Two sister chromatid exchange assays, the first of which was conducted similar to the OECD guideline 479 protocol (only one dose level tested, limited detail of test protocol provided), were positive in Chinese hamster ovary cells at concentrations of 0.1 (Venier et al., 1985) or 5 -150 µg/mL (Levy and Majone, 1981). The exposure of the same cell line in chromosomal aberration test led to a slight increase in chromosomal aberrations at concentrations of 5 – 150 µg/L (Levy and Majone, 1981).
In vivo:
The only in vivo micronucleus test available conducted at concentrations of 15, 50 and 2x 100 mg/kg bw with intraperitoneal administration of test substance in comparison with soluble chromates was negative (Odagiri et al., 1989). The soluble compounds (zinc potassium chromate, zinc tetroxy chromate and sodium dichromate) were all tested positive at concentrations up to 50 mg/kg bw.
Short description of key information:
Several in vitro studies addressing Ames-mutagenicity (De Flora 1981; Carcinogenesis 2: 283-298, Connor and Pier, 1990; Muta Res 249: 125-133), sister chromatid exchange (Venier et al., 1985; Mut Res 156: 219-228) and chromosomal aberration (Levy and Majone, 1981; Br J Cancer 44: 219-235) are available. Most of them do not follow a guideline but all give a positive result (particularly when the test material was tested in the presence of a solubilizing agent. In contrary, a negative response was observed in an in vivo micronucleus test (Odagiri et al., 1989; Jpn J Ind Health 31: 438-439), where the test substance was administered intraperitoneally (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg bw) to test animals (mice).
Endpoint Conclusion:
Justification for classification or non-classification
Although most in vitro genotoxicty tests were positive, a genotoxic potential could not be verified in vivo. Therefore, a classification is probably not warranted.
However, the negative results in the micronucleus test of the test substance, which presented a very low water solubility (1%; as opposed to 6-8% for zinc potassium chromate or to 2380 g/l for sodium dichromate), are likely not reliable, because the treatment with the chemical did not show evidence for absorption and transport to the bone marrow, as evidenced by a lack of reduction in PCEs frequency. Thus, although the in vivo genetic toxicity test gave negative, chromium and its compounds, particularly chromium(VI), may cause chromosomal effects, indicating carcinogenic potential because interactions with DNA have been linked with the mechanism of carcinogenicity.
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