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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 237-396-1 | CAS number: 13770-89-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_environmental-fate-and-pathways.png)
Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Type of information:
- read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study meets generally accepted scientific methods and is described in sufficient detail.
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Acute toxicity, critical body residues, Michaelis-Menten analysis of bioaccumulation, and ionoregulatory disturbance in response to waterborne nickel in four invertebrates: Chironomus riparius, Lymnaea stagnalis, Lumbriculus variegatus and Daphnia pulex.
- Author:
- Leonard EM, Wood CM
- Year:
- 2 013
- Bibliographic source:
- Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2013 Jun;158(1):10-21. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.03.008. Epub 2013 Apr 6.
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Kinetics were measured for four aquatic invertebrate species
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of study / information:
- Kinetics
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Nickel chloride
- EC Number:
- 253-399-0
- EC Name:
- Nickel chloride
- Cas Number:
- 37211-05-5
- IUPAC Name:
- nickel(2+) dichloride
- Test material form:
- other: stock solutions
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Ni emily checking with authors
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
In comparison to the other organisms, L. stagnalis had the highest affinity (lowest Kd value) and a relatively low capacity (low Bmax) for Ni. Kd values were next lowest for D. pulex, followed by L. variegatus and finally C. riparius with exceptionally high values. After L. stagnalis, Bmax values were slightly greater in L. variegatus, much greater in D. pulex, and again extremely high in C. riparius. In
general Bmax values tended to be higher in SW than in HW, while there was no clear effect of hardness on Kd values; the only significant hardness-related difference was the 2.8 fold higher Bmax value in SW vs. HW chironomids. In comparison to the other organisms, C. riparius had by far the highest Kd or Bmax values, indicating the lowest affinity and highest capacity. Whole body Ni bioaccumulation followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics in all organisms, with greater hardness tending to decrease Bmax with no consistent effect on Kd.
Michaelis-Menten kinetic constants (Bmax and Kd) for saturable Ni bioaccumulation in Daphnia pulex, Lymnaea stagnalis, Lumbriculus variegatusandChironomus riparius in hard water (HW, nominally 140 mg/L as CaC03) and soft water (SW, nominally 40 mg/L as CaC03).
|
Bmax(µmol/kg wet wt) |
Kd(µmol Ni/L) |
r2 |
Lymnaea stagnalis |
|
|
|
Soft water |
177.8 ± 30.1 |
2.5 ± 1.1 |
0.97 |
Daphnia pulex |
|
|
|
Hard water |
1522.3 ± 300.0 |
18.4 ± 9.7 |
0.97 |
Soft water |
2015.9 ± 552.2 |
56.5 ± 26.9 |
0.98 |
Lumbriculus variegatus |
|
|
|
Hard water |
226.0 ± 47.6 |
133.9 ± 69.4 |
0.93 |
Soft water |
441.5 ± 152.8 |
128.2 ± 85.8 |
0.95 |
Chironomus riparius |
|
|
|
Hard water |
24,496.5 ± 4167.3 |
1771.7 ± 1183.9 |
0.80 |
Soft water |
68,404.1 ± 9839.8* |
3619.0 ± 1425.2 |
0.95 |
* Indicates a significant difference in kinetic constants between SW and HW. Values are means ± S.E.M.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
STUDY RATED BY AN INDEPENDENT REVIEWER
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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