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The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 234-329-8 | CAS number: 11103-86-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Exposure related observations in humans: other data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- exposure-related observations in humans: other data
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Evaluation performed by an authoritative institution.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- other: evaluation
- Title:
- Toxicity review 21. The toxicity of chromium and inorganic chromium compounds.
- Author:
- Fairhurst, S. and C. A. Minty
- Year:
- 1 989
- Bibliographic source:
- Health and Safety Executive, Merseyside, UK.
Materials and methods
- Type of study / information:
- The Health and Safety Executive reviewed and evaluated available data on chromium.
- Endpoint addressed:
- skin irritation / corrosion
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The Health and Safety Executive reviewed and evaluated available data on chromium.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- all available data on chromium and chromium compounds
- IUPAC Name:
- all available data on chromium and chromium compounds
- Details on test material:
- All available data on chromium and chromium compounds were reviewed.
Constituent 1
Method
- Details on study design:
- The Health and Safety Executive reviewed and evaluated available data on irritation or corrosion caused by chromium.
Results and discussion
- Results:
- The Health and Safety Executive concluded that the predominant effect of hexavalent chromium on the skin is the formation of chrome-ulcers ('chrome holes' or 'chrome sores'). The formation of ulcers was first described more than 150 years ago, in dye workers handling chromate solutions. Some initial damage of the skin (small cuts, scratches or abrasions, or injuries caused by extreme pH or high temperature) seems to be necessary for the production of ulcers. The severity of the lesions depends on the frequency and duration of skin contamination. The ulcer is formed gradually, processing slowly to deeper skin layers. Typically it is circular (diameter up to one centimetre), with a hard raised periphery and a central, clean-cut cavity
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The Health and Safety Executive concluded that the predominant effect of hexavalent chromium on the skin is the formation of chrome-ulcers ('chrome holes' or 'chrome sores'). Some initial damage of the skin (small cuts, scratches or abrasions, or injuries caused by extreme pH or high temperature) seems to be necessary for the production of ulcers. The severity of the lesions depends on the frequency and duration of skin contamination.
- Executive summary:
The predominant effect of hexavalent chromium on the skin is the formation of chrome-ulcers ('chrome holes' or 'chrome sores') (reviewed by Fairhurst and Minty (HSE) 1989. The formation of ulcers was first described more than 150 years ago, in dye workers handling chromate solutions. Some initial damage of the skin (small cuts, scratches or abrasions, or injuries caused by extreme pH or high temperature) seems to be necessary for the production of ulcers. The severity of the lesions depends on the frequency and duration of skin contamination. The ulcer is formed gradually, processing slowly to deeper skin layers. Typically it is circular (diameter up to one centimetre), with a hard raised periphery and a central, clean-cut cavity.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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