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EC number: 248-374-6 | CAS number: 27253-32-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 29/02/08- 09/07/08
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- GLP guideline study conducted to current guideline. The read-across from MnCl2 to MnSO4 is justified on the following basis: both substances are very soluble in water hence bioavailable and both will release Mn2+ ions. Therefore, from an ecotoxicity standpoint, the chloride or sulphate anions are not considered to have any influence on the effective toxicity of Mn2+ or any toxicity in their own right, so the anions can be disregarded. Therefore any effect will be related to the Mn2+ cation, and the data from MnCl2 ecotoxicity tests is regarded as a suitable surrogate for read-across.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 009
- Report date:
- 2009
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 221 (Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- U.S. EPA GLP standard (40 CFR 792)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Manganese Chloride
- IUPAC Name:
- Manganese Chloride
- Reference substance name:
- Manganese dichloride
- EC Number:
- 231-869-6
- EC Name:
- Manganese dichloride
- Cas Number:
- 7773-01-5
- IUPAC Name:
- manganese(2+) dichloride
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Not applicable
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: Total recoverable and dissolved (filtered through a 0.45 µm nylon mesh) manganese were detmined at test initiation and termination. Also dissolved Manganese was monitored on days 3 and 5.
- Sampling method: Media samples from each treatment were collected for determination of manganese at test initiation. Samples for dissolved manganese concentration were collected from the new renewal waters within each treatment on days 3 and 5. At test termination, samples were taken from replicate A for each concentration. Metal samples (~ 20 mLs) were taken from the centre of the test using a 30-mL syringe.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis:Samples were preserved with nitric acid (trace metal grade) to pH <2 prior to analysis
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: The test substance was added to laboratory blended water to make a stock solution of 50 g Mn/L. The concentrations were prepared by adding the appropriate volume of stock solution to the growth media.
- Controls: dilution water.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Lemna minor
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Obtained from the University of Toronto culture and collection (UTCC; Toronto, ON, Canada). This strain was collected by Barabara E. Giles in 1977 from Wainfleet, Stinking Barn, Niagara Peninsula, Ontario, Canada.
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 9 Days old
Study design
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not reported
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 52 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 24±2°C
- pH:
- 6.8-7.6
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Not reported
- Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 3.88, 7.75, 15.5, 31 and 62 mg Mn/ L - Nominal concentration
<0.05, 3.35, 7.01, 15.57, 30.72 and 64.94 mg Mn/ L - Average measured dissolved concentration - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 mL beakers
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Fill volume: Holds approximately 200 mL of test solution
- No. of colonies per vessel: 9- 12 fronds
- No. of fronds per colony: 2- 4 visible fronds
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates):3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates):3
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water:Test was conducted in a synthetic freshwater reconstituted from deionised water with the addition of appropriate reagent grade salts.
- Total organic carbon: 0.7 mg/ L (DOC = dissolved organic carbon. Measured via combustion (EPA 415.1; CH2M HILL, Corvallis, OR)
- Chlorine:20.5 mg/L (Measured via Ion Chromatography (EPA 300.0; CH2M HILL, Corvallis, OR)
- Alkalinity: 12 mg/L as CaCO3
- Conductivity:270 µS/ cm
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Hardness, alkalinity, total residual chlorine, and ammonia were measured in the dilution water at test initiation only. Temperature within the environmental chamber were recorded daily. Test solution pH was measured at test initiation on renewal days ( days 3 and 5) in both new and old waters.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Photoperiod:Continous
- Light intensity and quality: 600 -930 foot candles.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of frond number: manual counting, computerized image analysis and examined for grossly observable abnormalities.
- Determination of biomass: dry weight. The colonies from each replicate were placed into a pre- weighed pan and dried at 60°C for 72 hours and then re-weighed to the nearest 0.01 mg to obtain a dry weight.
- Other: Normal and abnormal appearing fronds were determined at the beginning of the test, and on at least two occasions during the test. Changes in plant development (e.g. frond size, appearance, indication of necrosis, chlorosis or gibbosity, colony break-up or loss of buoyancy), and in root length and appearance was recorded.
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 31 mg Mn/L and higher
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: The test concentrations were selected based on findings from a range-finder test that resulted in effects on growth at treatments at 31 mg Mn/L and higher. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 30.72 other: mg Mn/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- other: Number of fronds, total dry weight and growth rate
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 64.94 other: mg Mn/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- other: Number of fronds, total dry weight, and growth rate
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 23.37 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 26.44 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- other: Total dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 41.54 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL
- Details on results:
- Not reported
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not reported
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- All statistical analyses were performed using the measured average dissolved manganese concentrations. Difference in growth (based on frond count, dry weight, biomass and growth rate) were evaluted using statistical computer packages (TRAP, U.S. EPA Duluth, MN, USA, and CETIS, Tidepool Scientific Software Mckinleyville, CA, USA). Since the data met the assumptions of normality and homogeneity, the NOEC and LOEC were estimated using an analysis of variance (Dunnett's) to compare (p=0.05) organism performance in the experimental treatments with the observed in the control. The EC10 was estimated using a piecewise linear regression. Exposure concentrations were log-transformed before determination of EC10 values.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 5. Frond Count Data
Average Measured Dissolved Concentration.(mg Mn /L) |
Total Number of Fronds (% abnormal) |
Sig. Less than the Control1 |
|||
Rep A |
Rep B |
Rep C |
Average(±SD) |
||
< 0.05 |
257 |
290 |
253 |
267±20 |
- |
3.34 |
226 |
288 |
304 |
273±41 |
No |
7.01 |
182(1) |
250(0.4) |
248(0.4) |
227±39 |
No |
15.57 |
273(3) |
252 |
254(3) |
260±12 |
No |
30.72 |
233(8) |
217 |
290(14) |
247±38 |
No |
64.94 |
172(49) |
146 |
181(49) |
166±18 |
Yes |
1Significantly less than the control (p =0.05) using Dunnett’s Test.
SD = Standard Deviation
Table 6. Total Dry weight
Average Measured Dissolved Concentration.(mg Mn /L) |
Dry weights (units) |
Sig. Less than the Control1 |
|||
Rep A |
Rep B |
Rep C |
Average(±SD) |
||
< 0.05 |
24.82 |
29.56 |
23.80 |
26.06±3.07 |
- |
3.34 |
24.57 |
31.82 |
33.18 |
29.86±4.63 |
No |
7.01 |
20.25 |
25.91 |
24.40 |
23.52±2.93 |
No |
15.57 |
30.75 |
26.12 |
25.37 |
27.41±2.91 |
No |
30.72 |
23.60 |
19.33 |
22.83 |
21.92±2.28 |
No |
64.94 |
11.12 |
10.46 |
12.46 |
11.35±1.02 |
Yes |
1Significantly less than the control (p =0.05) using Dunnett’s Test.
SD = Standard Deviation
Table 7.Growth Rate from Day 0 to Day 7
Average Measured Dissolved Concentration.(mg Mn /L) |
Dry weights (units) |
Sig. Less than the Control1 |
|||
Rep A |
Rep B |
Rep C |
Average(±SD) |
||
< 0.05 |
5.24 |
5.36 |
5.22 |
5.27±0.08 |
- |
3.34 |
5.11 |
5.35 |
5.40 |
5.29±0.16 |
No |
7.01 |
4.88 |
5.20 |
5.20 |
5.09±0.19 |
No |
15.57 |
5.27 |
5.20 |
5.20 |
5.22±0.04 |
No |
30.72 |
5.05 |
4.99 |
5.20 |
5.08±0.11 |
No |
64.94 |
4.15 |
4.00 |
4.22 |
4.13±0.11 |
Yes |
Table 8.Summary of Test Statistics (mg Mn/ L)1
Evaluation |
Frond Count |
Total Dry Weight |
Growth Rate |
NOEC |
30.72 |
30.72 |
30.72 |
LOEC |
64.94 |
64.94 |
64.94 |
EC10 (95 % CI) |
23.37 (11.67-46.78) |
26.44 (18.04- 38.74) |
41.54 (37.37- 46.17) |
EC20 (95% CI) |
35.07 (21.22-57.94) |
31.94 (23.59-43.26) |
62.48 (54.96-71.04) |
1NOEC = No observed effect concentration. LOEC = Lowest observed effect concentration. EC10= 10% Effect concentration. EC50 = Median effect concentration. CI= Confidence intervals.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The doubling time of frond number in the control was less than 2.5 days (60h).
- Conclusions:
- The 7 day NOEC was 30.72 mg Mn/L. The read-across from MnCl2 to MnSO4 is justified on the following basis: both substances are very soluble in water hence bioavailable and both will release Mn2+ ions. Therefore, from an ecotoxicity standpoint, the chloride or sulphate anions are not considered to have any influence on the effective toxicity of Mn2+ or any toxicity in their own right, so the anions can be disregarded. Therefore any effect will be related to the Mn2+ cation, and the data from MnCl2 ecotoxicity tests is regarded as a suitable surrogate for read-across.
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