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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 207-586-9 | CAS number: 482-89-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
Indigo is not readily biodegradable; however, Indigo has shown to be susceptible of degradation in various scientific studies either as a substance or on dyed textiles [e. g. Ajibola et al. (2005); Sousa et al. (2008); Vautier et al. (2001); Poulin J (2007); Tian et al. (2013); Manu et al. (2003)]. Degradation can either be initiated physically, chemically or biochemically. Especially electro-oxidation, photo-oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation and microbial degradation either by microorganisms (e.g. bacteria, fungi, yeast) or by isolated enzymes (e.g. laccase) are of great interest due to their potential capacity in an efficient water treatment in general. Respective methods were reported to work efficiently on Indigo. Tests for biodegradation with anaerobic bacteria in a semi-static bioreactor showed a degradation of up to 90% within 50 days [Manu et al. (2003)].
The OECD SIDS documents estimates a half-life of 40 days for photodegradation in water. A photocatalytic study with Indigo showed as the main degradation products isatin, 2-aminobenzoic acid (anthranilic acid) and isatoic anhydride [Vautier et al. (2001)]. The same degradation products were found on ancient textile samples dyed with Indigo [Sousa et al. (2008); Poulin J (2007)]. Isatin was identified as one of the products of the oxidation of Indigo by nitric acid and light. The same conversion can be realised by ozonolysis, acidic bromate or by a chemiluminescent autoxidation of Indigo. N-Methylisatin was also obtained in the photo-oxidation of N‑methylindole-3-acetic acid [da Silva et al. (2001)]. The stable red coloured isatin results from oxidation of Indigo. This substance is a naturally occurring indole derivative, which is found in plants. It has also been detected as a compound of the secretion from the parotid gland of Bufo frogs and in humans as it is a metabolic derivative of adrenaline [da Silva et al. (2001)]. Decarboxylation of Indigo leads to anthranilic acid. Degradation pathway via anthranilic acid has shown to be resulting in complete mineralisation to CO2, NH4+and NO3-[Vautier et al. (2001)].
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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