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EC number: 214-604-9 | CAS number: 1163-19-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Biodegradation in water and sediment: simulation tests
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: sediment simulation testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Jan 2000 - July 2001
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study performed according to GLPs using a protocol approved by the UK under DecaBDE's EU risk assessment.
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 001
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 002
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- A batch test for assessing the mineralization of 14C-radiolabelled comounds under realistic anaerobic conditions.
- Author:
- Nuck and Federle
- Year:
- 1 996
- Bibliographic source:
- Environ Sci Technol 30(12):3597-3603
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Test method based on that of Nuck and Federle.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Bis(pentabromophenyl) ether
- EC Number:
- 214-604-9
- EC Name:
- Bis(pentabromophenyl) ether
- Cas Number:
- 1163-19-5
- Molecular formula:
- C12Br10O
- IUPAC Name:
- bis(pentabromophenyl) ether
- Details on test material:
- 14C-uniformly ring labeled DecaBDE obtained from Nycomed Amersham, specific activity 19 mCi/mmol, molecular wt 959.8, radiochemical purity of 96.8%.
Composite of equal proportions of the DecaBDE commercial products of Albemarle Corp, Bromine Compounds Ltd, Great Lakes Chemical Corporation; contained BDE 209 97.4%, NonaBDEs 2.5%, OctaBDEs0.04%.
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
Study design
- Oxygen conditions:
- anaerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- natural sediment
- Details on source and properties of surface water:
- Collected with sediment
- Details on source and properties of sediment:
- Freshwater sediment collected from Schuykill River, Valley Forge, PA, USA. Redox potential -284 mV.
Sediment: % sand: 50; %silt: 29; %clay:21; USDA textural class: loam. 1.00 gm/cc bulk density. 8.6 cation exchange capacity meq/100 g; 1.4% organic matter. pH in 1:1 sediment:water ratio: 6.3.
Surface Water: pH 7.6; total phosphorus 0.6 ppm; sulfte-sulfur 44 ppm; nitrate-nitrogen 2.7 ppm - Details on inoculum:
- Those naturally occurring in the freshwater sediment/surface water.
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 32 wk
Initial test substance concentrationopen allclose all
- Initial conc.:
- 5 other: mg/kg sediment dw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Initial conc.:
- 500 other: mg/kg sediment dw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- other: CH4, CO2 evolution; [test article]; [14C-Activity]
- Details on study design:
- see below
Reference substance
- Reference substance:
- other: Glucose
Results and discussion
- Test performance:
- see below
% Degradationopen allclose all
- % Degr.:
- 0
- Parameter:
- CH4 evolution
- Sampling time:
- 32 wk
- % Degr.:
- 0
- Parameter:
- CO2 evolution
- Sampling time:
- 32 wk
- % Degr.:
- 0
- Parameter:
- radiochem. meas.
- Sampling time:
- 32 wk
- % Degr.:
- 0
- Parameter:
- test mat. analysis
- Sampling time:
- 32 wk
Half-life of parent compound / 50% disappearance time (DT50)
- Remarks on result:
- other: No degradation was detected over the course of th study. A half-life was not estimated.
- Transformation products:
- no
- Evaporation of parent compound:
- no
- Volatile metabolites:
- no
- Residues:
- yes
- Details on results:
- Mineraliztion and Mass Balance.: An average of 95% of the 14C-activity added as 14C-glucose was recovered from reference group sediment. Of this, 85% was 14CO2 and 14CH4 (mineralization of 14C-glucose) and 10% was associated with the sediment. In the DecaBDE treated groups, mineralization of the test article was not observed. Less than 1% of the total activity added as 14C-DecaBDE was recovered as 14CO2 and 14CH3.
Biotransformation: HPLC-UV: 7 replicates of each test sediment were analyzed. Mean [DecaBDE]mg/kg in the 5 mg/kg group at Day 0 and Wk 32 were 6.64 +-0.70 mg/kg adn 6.51 +- 2.15 mg/kg, respectively. Mean [DecaBDE] mg/kg in the 500 mg/kg group at Day 0 and Wk 32 were 543 +- 77 mg/kg and 612 +-158 mg/kg, repectively. The mean measured concentrations in each dose level were not statistically different at Wk32 from that at Day 0 (ANOVA; p=0.65555).
Varying amounts of gravel and stones in the sediment cores caused measured DecaBDE concentrations and 14C-activity to vary. Those sediments with greater gravel/stone content had proportionately less sediment and higher variability in DecaBDE concentration between replicates within and among the test sediments on both HPLC UV and radiometric detection. Measured DecaBDE concentrations were converted to DecaBDE mass based on the actual dry weight of the sediment and compared to the mass of DecaBDE added at test initiaion. At 5 mg/kg sediment dw, the difference between measured and added mass were 0.123 mg (D 0) and 0.127 mg (Wk 32), respectively. Similarly, the differences at 500 mg/kg sediment dw were 65.0 mg (D 0) and 0.96 mg (Wk32). No statistical difference was detected (paired t-test).
In one-third of the 32 -wk samples (9 of 21 32 -Wk samples), 1 to 3 14C-containing peaks eluting before that of 14C-DecaBDE were detected in 5 mg/kg sediments. HPLC analysis of the stock solution indicated similar peaks.
Based on these results, DecaBDE was neither biotransformed nor mineralized under anaerobic conditions in a flooded sediment over a 32 week period.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Mineraliztion and Mass Balance. An average of 95% of the 14C-activity added as 14C-glucose was recovered from reference group sediment. Of this, 85% was 14CO2 and 14CH4 (mineralization of 14C-glucose) and 10% was associated with the sediment. In the DecaBDE treated groups, mineralization of the test article was not observed. Less than 1% of the total activity added as 14C-DecaBDE was recovered as 14CO2 and 14CH3.
14C-Mineralization and Mass Balance; Mean ± S.D.
Substance |
Nominal Conc. (mg/kg) |
14C-Activity as Gas (%) |
14C-Remaining with Solids (%) |
Total14C-Recovered (%) |
||
14CO2 |
14CH4 |
Total |
||||
Glucose |
5 |
67.2±2.1 |
18.1±1.1 |
85.4±3.1 |
9.5±4.9 |
94.9±1.8 |
DecaBDE |
5 |
0.4±0.04 |
0.4±0.04 |
0.86±0.06 |
129.9±24.1 |
130.8±24.1 |
DecaBDE |
500 |
0.4±0.03 |
0.4±0.06 |
0.80±0.05 |
122.5±7.9 |
123.3±7.9 |
Biotransformation. HPLC-UV: 7 replicates of each test sediment were analyzed. Mean [DecaBDE]mg/kg in the 5 mg/kg group at Day 0 and Wk 32 were 6.64 +-0.70 mg/kg adn 6.51 +- 2.15 mg/kg, respectively. Mean [DecaBDE] mg/kg in the 500 mg/kg group at Day 0 and Wk 32 were 543 +- 77 mg/kg and 612 +-158 mg/kg, repectively. The mean measured concentrations in each dose level were not statistically different at Wk32 from that at Day 0 (ANOVA; p=0.65555).
Measured DecaBDE Sediment Concentrations
Nominal Test Concentration (mg/kg) |
Sample |
[DecaBDE]mg/kg dry wt sediment, replicates |
Mean |
S.D. |
Group Mean |
||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
|||||
5.00 |
Day 0 |
6.17 + |
5.88 |
6.08 |
6.15 |
6.08 |
5.57 |
6.07 |
6.00 |
0.21 |
6.64 |
5.00 |
Day 0 |
7.53+ |
7.30 |
7.40 |
6.75 |
7.04 |
7.51 |
7.37 |
7.27 |
0.28 |
|
500 |
Day 0 |
540+ |
385 |
538 |
502 |
537 |
499 |
397 |
485 |
68 |
543 |
500 |
Day 0 |
608+ |
599 |
616 |
588 |
567 |
602 |
625 |
601 |
19 |
|
0.0 |
Wk 32 |
<LOQ |
<LOQ |
<LOQ |
<LOQ |
<LOQ |
<LOQ |
<LOQ |
<LOQ |
NA |
<LOQ |
0.0 |
Wk 32 |
<LOQ |
<LOQ |
<LOQ |
<LOQ |
<LOQ |
<LOQ |
<LOQ |
<LOQ |
NA |
|
5.00 |
Wk 32 |
9.24+ |
9.26 |
9.17 |
9.24 |
9.15 |
9.04 |
9.28 |
9.20 |
0.08 |
6.51 |
5.00 |
Wk 32 |
5.90+ |
6.68 |
6.25 |
6.10 |
5.89 |
5.92 |
6.67 |
6.20 |
0.35 |
|
5.00 |
Wk 32 |
4.15+ |
4.08 |
4.60 |
3.83 |
4.73 |
3.78 |
3.73 |
4.13 |
0.40 |
|
500 |
Wk 32 |
840+ |
809 |
673 |
720 |
725 |
776 |
776 |
758 |
57 |
612 |
500 |
Wk 32 |
703+ |
693 |
569 |
724 |
637 |
694 |
694 |
666 |
54 |
|
500 |
Wk 32 |
444+ |
337 |
454 |
440 |
363 |
447 |
447 |
413 |
46 |
+Average of duplicate analyses.
NA Not applicable.
Varying amounts of gravel and stones in the sediment cores caused measured DecaBDE concentrations and 14C-activity to vary. Those sediments with greater gravel/stone content had proportionately less sediment and higher variability in DecaBDE concentration between replicates within and among the test sediments on both HPLC UV and radiometric detection. Measured DecaBDE concentrations were converted to DecaBDE mass based on the actual dry weight of the sediment and compared to the mass of DecaBDE added at test initiaion. At 5 mg/kg sediment dw, the difference between measured and added mass were 0.123 mg (D 0) and 0.127 mg (Wk 32), respectively. Similarly, the differences at 500 mg/kg sediment dw were 65.0 mg (D 0) and 0.96 mg (Wk32). No statistical difference was detected (paired t-test).
Recovery of DecaBDE and Total14C-Activity Based on Mass Conversion
Nominal Test Concentration (mg/kg) |
Sample |
Mean Recovery (%) |
|
DecaBDE* |
14C-Activity+ |
||
5 |
Day 0 |
94.1 |
94.1 |
5 |
Day 0 |
101 |
98.9 |
500 |
Day 0 |
65.6 |
95.4 |
500 |
Day 0 |
84.5 |
101 |
5 |
Wk 32 |
107 |
103 |
5 |
Wk 32 |
103 |
146 |
5 |
Wk 32 |
74.5 |
144 |
500 |
Wk 32 |
105 |
124 |
500 |
Wk 32 |
95.4 |
115 |
500 |
Wk 32 |
70.7 |
131 |
*((Measured DecaBDE-mg/kg x dry weight sediment-kg)/DecaBDE added-mg)) x 100
+ ((dpm added – dpm evolved) x dry weight sediment-kg/14C-activity added)) x 100
In one-third of the 32 -wk samples (9 of 21 32 -Wk samples), 1 to 3 14C-containing peaks eluting before that of 14C-DecaBDE were detected in 5 mg/kg sediments. HPLC analysis of the 14C-stock solution indicated similar peaks.
Based on these results, DecaBDE was neither biotransformed nor mineralized under anaerobic conditions in a flooded sediment over a 32 week period.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
Validity criteria
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In this study, DecaBDE was neither mineralized nor biotransformed under anaerobic conditions in a flooded sediment over a 32-wk period.
- Executive summary:
An anaerobic biodegradation test was performed to determine the rate and extent of biotransformation and minerlization of the commercial DecaBDE product and 14C-labelled DecaBDE under anaerobic conditions in a flooded sediment over a 32 wk period. The mineralization portion consisted of 3 freshwater sediment groups: a refrence group treated with unlabelled and 14C-labelled d-glucose, and DecaBDE treatment groups at 5 and 500 mg/kg. Production of 14CO2 and 14CH4 were monitored. The biotransformation potential of the study evaluated degradation of DecaBDE in sediments treated with 5 or 500 mg/kg. DecaBDE was neither mineralized nor biotransformed under anaerobic conditions in a flooded sediment over a 32-wk period.
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