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EC number: 237-696-2 | CAS number: 13927-77-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 978
- Report date:
- 1978
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Nickel bis(dibutyldithiocarbamate)
- EC Number:
- 237-696-2
- EC Name:
- Nickel bis(dibutyldithiocarbamate)
- Cas Number:
- 13927-77-0
- Molecular formula:
- C18-H36-N2-Ni-S4
- IUPAC Name:
- Nickel(II) Dibutyldithiocarbamate
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of the test item (as cited in study report): Nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- ENVIRONMENT
- Housing: The animals are caged individually and receive no hay or other extraneous material that might enter the eyes.
Test system
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- other: The untreated eye per animal served a control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 100 mg of the test substance is allowed to fall on the everted lower lid of one eye of each rabbit; the upper and lower eye lid are then carefully closed and subsequently held together for at least one second before releasing, to prevent loss of material.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- single application
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 7 days
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 6
- Details on study design:
- - The eyes are examined before testing and only those animals without observable eye defects were used.
- The eyes are not washed following instillation and the animals are released immediately.
- The eyes are examined at 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days after instillation of the test material.
- Ocular reactions are read using a binocular magnifying glass.
Results and discussion
In vivo
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal: #1, #2, #5
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1.67
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days except for animal #2
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1.33
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.67
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 72 hours
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal: #1, #2, #3, #5
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days except for animal #2
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal: #4, #6
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 2
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal: #1, #4
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1.33
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days except for animal #4
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal: #2, #3, #6
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1.67
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal: #1, #5
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal: #2, #6
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1.33
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 hours
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1.67
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 72 hours
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 hours
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 2 (irritating to eyes) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- Irritating effects on the rabbit eye were reported in the key study (corneal opacity score ≥ 1 and iritis score ≥ 1). The study was limited by a reduced observation period (7 days in stead of 21 days), even though some effects were not fully reversed at day 7. Given that the supporting study shows no indication of eye irritation in rabbits, it is assumed that effects observed in the key study would have been fully reversed after 21 days after exposure. Therefore, the test substance is classified as irritating, but not corrosive.
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