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EC number: 208-759-1 | CAS number: 540-84-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- The fate of inhaled octane and the nephrotoxicant, isooctane, in rats.
- Author:
- Dahl, A.
- Year:
- 1 989
- Bibliographic source:
- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 100: 334-341
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- metabolism
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 417 (Toxicokinetics)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- - Only male rats were used. It would have been useful to see if the excretion patterns differed in female rats for which kidney toxicity may not be of concern; limited documentation.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2,2,4-trimethylpentane
- EC Number:
- 208-759-1
- EC Name:
- 2,2,4-trimethylpentane
- Cas Number:
- 540-84-1
- Molecular formula:
- C8H18
- IUPAC Name:
- 2,2,4-trimethylpentane
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Isooctane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane)
- Physical state: vapour
- Analytical purity: 99.9 %
- Radiochemical purity (if radiolabelling): 99 % [4-14C]; 95 % [5-14C]
- Specific activity (if radiolabelling): 24 mCi/mmol [4-14C]; 8 mCi/mmol [5-14C]
- Locations of the label (if radiolabelling): 2,2,4-[4-14C] trimethylpentane; 2,2,4-[5-14C] trimethylpentane
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: F344/N
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Age at study initiation: 9-15 weeks
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on exposure:
- TYPE OF INHALATION EXPOSURE: nose only
- Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- one single dose for 2 hours
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
nominal: 1.0 and 350 ppm (corresponding to 0.00473 and 1.7 mg/L)
analytical: 0.79 ± 0.22 and 385 ± 56 ppm
- No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:
- 4
- Control animals:
- no
- Positive control reference chemical:
- no data
- Details on study design:
- no data
- Details on dosing and sampling:
- PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY (Absorption, distribution, excretion)
- Tissues and body fluids sampled: urine, faeces, blood, plasma, serum or other tissues, cage washes, bile
- Time and frequency of sampling: Urine and feces were collected at all times except 1 or 2 hours post-exposure.
METABOLITE CHARACTERISATION STUDIES
- Tissues and body fluids sampled (delete / add / specify): urine, faeces, tissues, cage washes, bile
- Time and frequency of sampling:
- From how many animals: (samples pooled or not)
- Method type(s) for identification (e.g. GC-FID, GC-MS, HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS-MS, HPLC-UV, Liquid scintillation counting, NMR, TLC)
- Limits of detection and quantification:
- Other:
TREATMENT FOR CLEAVAGE OF CONJUGATES (if applicable): - Statistics:
- A Bonferroni correction was applied to each group of t-tests comparing high and low exposure groups.
Results and discussion
Metabolite characterisation studies
- Metabolites identified:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
Uptake rates were 3.4 and 2.2 nmol/kg/min/ppm for low and high isooctane (2,2,4 -trimethylpentane) levels, respectively. The fraction of inhaled hydrocarbon that was metabolised [sum of excreta, exhaled CO2 and carbon-14 equivalents in the carcass] was higher at low inhaled concentrations than at high inhaled concentrations. Major route of elimination was urine, for low exposure concentration 14C in urine exceeded 11% of total inhaled isooctane. The amount of inhaled 14C in the carcass at 70 hours post-exposure was less than 2% of total inhaled for both low and high concentrations. The fraction of inhaled parent compound exhaled unchanged was approx. 2%. Half of isooctane (2,2,4 -trimethylpentane) 14C retained at the end of the 2 hour exposure was eliminated within 15 hours post-exposure but elimination continued primarily by the urinary route throughout 70 hours of observation. The almost exclusive elimination of metabolites of inhaled isooctane via the kidney with little production of 14CO2 suggests that kidneys may be exposed to a higher concentration of high molecular weight metabolites of isooctane.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results: low bioaccumulation potential based on study results
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