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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 201-188-9 | CAS number: 79-24-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
- Type of information:
- other: clinical case reports
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- circa 1982 - 1998
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Case reports of childred accidentally ingesting nitroethane
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Nitroethane poisoning from an artificial fingernail remover.
- Author:
- Hornfeldt, C.S. and Rabe, W.H.
- Year:
- 1 994
- Bibliographic source:
- Clin Toxicol 32(3): 321-324.
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Rebound severe methemoglobinemia from ingestion of a nitroethane artificial-fingernail remover
- Author:
- Osterhoudt, K.C., Wiley, C.C., Dudley, R., Sheen, S. and Henretig, F.M.
- Year:
- 1 995
- Bibliographic source:
- J Pediatrics 126: 819-821.
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Prolonged formation of methemoglobin following nitroethane ingestion
- Author:
- Shepherd, G., Grover, J. and Klein-Schwartz, W.
- Year:
- 1 998
- Bibliographic source:
- Clin Toxicol 36: 613-616
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Severe Methemogolbinemia following Nitroethane Ingestion
- Author:
- Wells, S.R. and Anderson, D.A.
- Year:
- 1 996
- Bibliographic source:
- Clinical Toxicology, 34:5, 553 - 636 Poster Session A
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- poisoning incident
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Case reports of accidental poisoning
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Automatically generated during migration to IUCLID 6, no data available
- IUPAC Name:
- Automatically generated during migration to IUCLID 6, no data available
- Details on test material:
- Nitroethane-containing artificial nail removers. At least one case report cited the test material as 100% nitroethane.
Constituent 1
Method
- Subjects:
- 5 children who accidentally ingested artificial nail remover.
- Route of exposure:
- oral
- Reason of exposure:
- accidental
- Exposure assessment:
- estimated
Results and discussion
- Clinical signs:
- In each instance, cyanosis and methemoglobinemia occurred 5-10 hours after exposure.
Any other information on results incl. tables
The clinical signs resolved after treatment with methylene blue. The delayed onset of methemoglobinemia suggests that a metabolite was responsible. Nitrites are acknowledged as formers of methemoglobin.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Cyanosis and methemoglobinemia occurred 5-10 hours after exposure, which resolved after treatment with methylene blue. The delayed onset of methemoglobinemia suggests that a metabolite was responsible.
- Executive summary:
Five clinical cases were reported of children accidentally ingesting several drops to 90 ml of artificial fingernail removers containing nitroethane.The cases occurred in children aged 1-3, who ingested anywhere from "a few drops" to 90 ml of the products. In each instance, cyanosis and methemoglobinemia occurred 5-10 hours after exposure, which resolved after treatment with methylene blue. The delayed onset of methemoglobinemia suggests that a metabolite was responsible.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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