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EC number: 619-057-3 | CAS number: 94667-33-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
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- Nanomaterial pour density
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- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
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- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Toxicity to terrestrial plants
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 11/11/2003 - 28/02/2004
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No information provided. - Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- Environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity and light intensity at soil level) were measured daily throughout the exposure period.
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- The soil used was a 50:50 w/w mix of gem quality garden top soil and fibre sand. The pH was found to be 7.2 and the organic carbon content was 1.3%. The Bardac 22 was prepared in a 100 mL volume of reverse osmosis water for each species at each rate of application. This was then thoroughly mixed into the soil. A further 50 mL of water was then added to produce a soil structure suitable for sowing. A weight equivalent to 5000g dry weight of soil was used for each application rate of each species.
The negative controls were treated with reverse osmosis water. A solvent control was also used containing an equivalent volume of isopropanol to that present in the highest rate application of DDAC. - Species:
- Brassica alba
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: Mustard
- Plant family: Brassicaceae
- Variety: No information provided.
- Source of seed: Purchased as commercially prepackaged seeds
- Batch: BA0302
- Seed storage: Stored in glass bottles under darkness - Species:
- Phaseolus aureus
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: Mung beans
- Plant family: Fabaceae
- Variety: No information provided.
- Source of seed: Purchased as commercially prepackaged seeds
- Batch: PA0301
- Seed storage: Stored in glass bottles under darkness - Species:
- Triticum aestivum
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: Wheat
- Plant family: Poaceae
- Variety: No information provided.
- Source of seed: PBI Cambridge Ltd.
- Batch: TA0302
- Seed storage: Stored in glass bottles under darkness - Test type:
- other: Seedling emergence and growth inhibition
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- other: Garden top soil and fibre sand,
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 20 d
- Remarks:
- 19 - 20 days
- Post exposure observation period:
- Observations were recorded up to 20 days after the start of exposure to the test substance.
- Test temperature:
- Mung bean 25-27ºC, mustard 22-30ºC, wheat 19-21ºC
- pH:
- 7.2
- Moisture:
- No information provided.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
For each species, groups of 40 seeds (eight replicate pots of five seeds) were sown into a mix of garden top soil and fibre sand. Treatment levels for the definitive study were based on the results of a preliminary range finding study.
The Bardac 22 was prepared in a 100 mL volume of reverse osmosis water for each species at each rate of application. This was then thoroughly mixed into the soil. A further 50 mL of water was then added to produce a soil structure suitable for sowing.
After application of the test material and sowing the pots were checked daily and emergence recorded. Plants were harvested 14 - 17 days after germination and the wet weight were measured. The plants were then dried before being re-weighed to obtain a measurement of dry weight.
GROWTH CONDITIONS
- Light intensity and quality: Mung bean 118-2710 lux, mustard 105-5420 lux, wheat 119-3380 lux (levels increased from 105-119 after germination).
- Day/night temperatures: Mung bean 25-27ºC, mustard 22-30ºC, wheat 19-21ºC
- Relative humidity (%): Mung bean 31-82%, mustard 24-75%, wheat 30-88%
- Plants were top-watered daily until germination and then top- and bottom-watered as required.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: After application and sowing the pots were checked daily and emergence recorded. After emergence was complete, assessment of plant appearance continued daily until the plants were harvested. This assessment was conducted using a uniform scoring system based on plant size and vigour. The numberof dead seedlings in each replicate was also recorded at the same time as visual assessments.
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: yes
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: Factor of 2.
- Range finding study Preliminary reange finding study was conducted to determine test concentrations.
- Test concentrations: 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600 mg/kg dry soil (mustard and wheat)
5, 20, 80, 320, 1280 mg/kg dry soil (mung bean) - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Application rate 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600 mg/kg
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Key result
- Species:
- Brassica alba
- Duration:
- 20 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 283 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 213 - 375
- Species:
- Triticum aestivum
- Duration:
- 20 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 857 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 552 -1410
- Species:
- Phaseolus aureus
- Duration:
- 20 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1 670 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 1240 - 2530
- Details on results:
- Herbicidal symptoms:
For all plant species there was significant growth inhibition at the higher rates of application. The mean visual assessment scores for mustard were 5.50, 7.75 and 8.50 at 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg respectively and 4.62 and 6.12 for wheat at 800 and 1600 mg/kg. For mung bean the mean visual assessment was 5.63 at 1280 mg/kg.
(Scoring: 0 = no abnormal effects, to 10 = all plants within a replicate were dead.)
Effect on plant growth:
Growth inhibition was observed for all plants at higher rates of application of the test materials.
For mung bean, DDAc at 1280 mg/kg gave a significant reduction (p<0.001) in dry weight, 38% lower than that of the control.
For mustard the 200, 400, 8000, and 1600 mg/kg concentrations gave 45, 55, 76 an 80% respective reductions in dry weight compared to the control.
For wheat the test substance at 800 and 1600 mg/kg gave dry weights reduced growth of 59 and 63% respectively.
Mortality:
Mustard: 3 and 11% at 800 and 1600 mg/kg respectively.
Wheat: 3% at 1600 mg/kg
Mung bean: None
The test substance had no significant effect on the number of germinated plants for any species.
For mustard, all concentrations of the test substance significantly reduced both wet and dry weight. For wheat, the test substance at 400 mg a.s./kg and higher gave a significant reduction for both dry weight and wet weight. For mung bean, at 320 mg a.s./kg and higher gave a significant reduction for both wet and dry weight.
Mustard: EC50 = 283 mg/kg (dry weight)
Wheat: EC50 = 857 mg/kg (dry weight)
Mung: EC50 = 1670 mg/kg (dry weight) - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No information provided.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Each parameter for each species was analysed separately.
The number of germinated plants was analysed by comparing water control and each concentration of compound to solvent control by Fisher’s exact test (1973). LC50s could not be estimated because the compound had no significant effect on the number of germinated plants.
For plant dry and wet weight, data were averaged for all plants in each replicate before analysis. These average weights were log transformed. Each concentration of compound was compared to water control by Williams’ test (1971, 1972). Solvent control was compared to water control by t-tests. EC50s were estimated by non-linear regression (logistic curve) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by the likelihood ratio method (Donaldson and Schnabel, 1985). - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The results of the study indicate that Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride is slightly toxic to terrestrial plants, under the conditions of this study. The EC50 for mung bean was found to be 1670 mg/kg, the EC50 for mustard was 283 mg/kg, and the EC50 for wheat was 857 mg/l.
- Executive summary:
In a study conducted in accordance with OECD Guideline 208, Mustard (Brassica alba), Mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum) were exposed to the test susbtance, Bardac 22 at concentrations of 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg for a period of 19 - 20 days. Groups of 40 seeds (eight replicate pots of five seeds) were sown into mixture of garden top soil and fibre sand, with controls also included. The Bardac 22 was prepared in a 100 mL volume of reverse osmosis water for each species at each rate of application. This was then thoroughly mixed into the soil. A further 50 mL of water was then added to produce a soil structure suitable for sowing.
After application and sowing the pots were checked daily and emergence recorded. Growth inhibition, mortality and other symptoms were recorded daily. Plants were harvested 14 - 17 days after germination by cutting each stem at soil level. The wet weight of each plant was then recorded. The plants were then dried before being re-weighed to obtain a measurement of dry weight.
The test substance had no significant effect on the number of germinated plants for any species.
For mustard, all concentrations of the test substance significantly reduced both wet and dry weight. For wheat, the test substance at 400 mg/kg and higher gave a significant reduction for both dry weight and wet weight. For mung bean, at 320 mg/kg and higher gave a significant reduction for both wet and dry weight.
The EC50for mustard seeds was determined to be 283 mg/kg (dry weight), for wheat, the EC50was determined to be 857 mg/kg (dry weight) and for mung beans, the EC50was determined to be 1670 mg/kg (dry weight). The results of the study indicate that Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride is slightly toxic to terrestrial plants.
Reference
Table 1 Wet weight results
Species |
Treatment |
Application rate (mg a.s./kg) |
Geometric mean wet weight (mg) |
Percent reduction |
p |
Mustard |
Water control |
|
708 |
0 |
|
(Brassica |
Solvent control |
|
669 |
6 |
0.600T |
alba) |
DDAC |
100 |
467 |
34 |
<0.001***W |
|
DDAC |
200 |
310 |
56 |
<0.001***W |
|
DDAC |
400 |
232 |
67 |
<0.001***W |
|
DDAC |
800 |
119 |
83 |
<0.001***W |
|
DDAC |
1600 |
85 |
88 |
<0.001***W |
Wheat |
Water control |
|
312 |
0 |
|
(Triticum |
Solvent control |
|
299 |
4 |
0.820T |
aestivum) |
DDAC |
100 |
254 |
19 |
0.409W |
|
DDAC |
200 |
268 |
14 |
0.409W |
|
DDAC |
400 |
163 |
48 |
0.001**W |
|
DDAC |
800 |
82 |
74 |
<0.001***W |
|
DDAC |
1600 |
65 |
79 |
<0.001***W |
Mung bean |
Water control |
|
758 |
0 |
|
(Phaseolus |
Solvent control |
|
830 |
0a |
0.056T |
aureus) |
DDAC |
5 |
853 |
0a |
>0.999W |
|
DDAC |
20 |
818 |
0a |
>0.999W |
|
DDAC |
80 |
787 |
0a |
>0.999W |
|
DDAC |
320 |
608 |
20 |
<0.001***W |
|
DDAC |
1280 |
426 |
44 |
<0.001***W |
pvalues are for the comparison with Water control using Williams' test (W) and thet-test (T)
**p< 0.01, ***p< 0.001, 0aNo reduction
Table 2 Dry weight results
Species |
Treatment |
Application rate (mg a.s./kg) |
Geometric mean dry weight (mg) |
Percent reduction |
p |
Mustard |
Water control |
|
35.6 |
0 |
|
(Brassica |
Solvent control |
|
34.1 |
4 |
0.684T |
alba) |
DDAC |
100 |
26.9 |
24 |
0.009**W |
|
DDAC |
200 |
19.7 |
45 |
<0.001***W |
|
DDAC |
400 |
16.2 |
55 |
<0.001***W |
|
DDAC |
800 |
8.7 |
76 |
<0.001***W |
|
DDAC |
1600 |
7.2 |
80 |
<0.001***W |
Wheat |
Water control |
|
28.3 |
0 |
|
(Triticum |
Solvent control |
|
26.7 |
6 |
0.742T |
aestivum) |
DDAC |
100 |
24.1 |
15 |
0.725W |
|
DDAC |
200 |
27.7 |
2 |
0.725W |
|
DDAC |
400 |
19.0 |
33 |
0.035*W |
|
DDAC |
800 |
11.6 |
59 |
<0.001***W |
|
DDAC |
1600 |
10.6 |
63 |
<0.001***W |
Mung bean |
Water control |
|
54.1 |
0 |
|
(Phaseolus |
Solvent control |
|
59.0 |
0a |
0.099T |
aureus) |
DDAC |
5 |
62.7 |
0a |
>0.999W |
|
DDAC |
20 |
59.7 |
0a |
>0.999W |
|
DDAC |
80 |
56.6 |
0a |
>0.999W |
|
DDAC |
320 |
46.6 |
14 |
0.006**W |
|
DDAC |
1280 |
33.7 |
38 |
<0.001***W |
pvalues are for the comparison with Water control using Williams' test (W) and thet-test (T)
*p< 0.05, **p< 0.01, ***p< 0.001
0aNo reduction
Table 3 Estimates and 95% confidence intervals for point of 50% inhibition
Species |
Variable |
EC50(mg a.s./kg) |
95% Confidence interval |
Mustard (Brassica alba) |
Dry weight |
283 |
213 - 375 |
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) |
Dry weight |
857 |
552 - 1410 |
Mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) |
Dry weight |
1670 |
1240 - 2530 |
Description of key information
One key study to assess the toxicity to
terrestrial plants. The study was conducted in accordance with OECD
Guideline 208 and was GLP compliant. The study was conducted on 3
species of plants - Brassica alba, Phaseolus aureus and Triticum
aestivum which were exposed to the test material for a period of 20
days. The test substance had no significant effect on the number of
germinated plants for any species.
For mustard, all concentrations of the test substance significantly
reduced both wet and dry weight. For wheat, the test substance at 400
mg/kg and higher gave a significant reduction for both dry weight and
wet weight. For mung bean, at 320 mg/kg and higher gave a significant
reduction for both wet and dry weight. The LC50 for mustard seeds was
determined to be 283 mg/kg (dry weight), for wheat, the LC50 was
determined to be 857 mg/kg (dry weight) and for mung beans, the LC50 was
determined to be 1670 mg/kg (dry weight).
The results of the study indicate that Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride is slightly toxic to terrestrial plants.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Short-term EC50 or LC50 for terrestrial plants:
- 283 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
In a study conducted in accordance with OECD Guideline 208, Mustard (Brassica alba), Mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum) were exposed to the test substance, Bardac 22 at concentrations of 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg for a period of 19 - 20 days. Groups of 40 seeds (eight replicate pots of five seeds) were sown into a mix of garden top soil and fibre sand. The Bardac 22 was prepared in a 100 mL volume of reverse osmosis water for each species at each rate of application. This was then thoroughly mixed into the soil. A further 50 mL of water was then added to produce a soil structure suitable for sowing.
After application and sowing the pots were checked daily and emergence recorded. Growth inhibition, mortality and other symptoms were recorded at least every other day following 50% emergence in the control pots. Plants were harvested 14 - 16 days after germination by cutting each stem at soil level. The wet weight of each plant was then recorded. The plants were then dried before being re-weighed to obtain a measurement of dry weight.
The test substance had no significant effect on the number of germinated plants for any species.
For mustard, all concentrations of the test substance significantly reduced both wet and dry weight. For wheat, the test substance at 400 mg/kg and higher gave a significant reduction for both dry weight and wet weight. For mung bean, at 320 mg/kg and higher gave a significant reduction for both wet and dry weight.
The LC50for mustard seeds was determined to be 283 mg/kg (dry weight), for wheat, the LC50was determined to be 857 mg/kg (dry weight) and for mung beans, the LC50was determined to be 1670 mg/kg (dry weight). The results of the study indicate that Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride is slightly toxic to terrestrial plants.
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