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EC number: 310-051-3 | CAS number: 102110-50-9 The residues obtained by the addition of aluminum or zinc to end liquors obtained from secondary refining of gold, iridium, osmium, palladium, platinum, rhenium, ruthenium or silver. Composed primarily of the precious metals, ammonium chloride and chlorides of aluminum, magnesium and zinc.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Carcinogenicity
Administrative data
Description of key information
No information on animal testing of "Residues, precious metal refining cementation" is available. However, "Residues, precious metal refining cementation" composition profile 2 (Residues 2) does contain constituents ≥ 0.1 % classified for carcinogenicity Carc. 1A (As2O3/arsenious acid, NiSO4) and constituents ≥ 1 % classified for carcinogenicity Carc. 2 (i.e., lead and lead compounds and Sb2O3, respectively). Hence, "Residues, precious metal refining cementation" (Residues 2) must be classified to induce cancer (Car. 1A). For information on C&L for "Residues, precious metal refining cementation" (Residues 1), please refer to the IUCLID endpoint summary "Carcinogenicity - Residues, precious metal refining cementation (Resides 1).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Carcinogenicity: via oral route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- carcinogenicity
- Type of information:
- calculation (if not (Q)SAR)
- Remarks:
- Migrated phrase: estimated by calculation
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: calculation tool MeClas (www.meclas.eu) is used
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The C&L considering carcinogenicity of "Residues, precious metal refining cementation" was determined by using the “Classification criteria for mixtures” of Regulation (EC) 1272/2006 section 3.6.3.1.1 “Classification of mixtures when data are available for all components or only for some components of the mixture”. For detailed information for classification strategy of UVCBs please refer to IUCLID section 13 (attachment “PMC Classification method”).
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Conclusions:
- Carcinogenicity classification of UVCB substances is based on the presence of a constituent ≥ 0.1 % classified for carcinogenicity Carc. 1A or Carc. 1B and on the presence of a constituent ≥ 1 % classified for carcinogenicity Carc. 2, respectively. "Residues, precious metal refining cementation" with the composition profile 2 (Residues 2) does contain constituents ≥ 0.1 % classified for carcinogenicity Carc. 1A (As2O3/arsenic acid, NiSO4) and constituents ≥ 1 % classified for carcinogenicity Carc. 2 (i.e., lead and lead compounds and Sb2O3, respectively). Hence, "Residues, precious metal refining cementation" (Residues 2) is considered to induce cancer and must be classified as carcinogenic Carc. 1A (H350), in accordance with Regulation (EC) 1272/2008.
- Executive summary:
The described MeClas-based-calculation provides a conservative estimate of toxicological effects of "Residues, precious metal refining cementation", derived on basis of the mixture C&L rules set forth in Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 using mineralogical information from a representative/worst case sample.
Reference
„Residues, precious metal refining cementation“ is a complex metal containing UVCB substance with wide concentration ranges for each constituent. Each individual constituent of „Residues, precious metal refining cementation“ may contribute (as 'relevant' component) to the UVCB toxicity. With knowledge of the composition, mineralogical information and knowledge of corresponding toxicity of the various chemical species, the respective mixture rules in accordance with Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 are used to calculate the C&L of “Residues, precious metal refining cementation”.
MeClas was used to automatically calculate the classification of the UVCB substance. The calculation tool is based on a database containing the human and environmental hazard information for each component relevant for classification. The information on the representative mineralogical composition (distribution pattern for each constituent of the UVCB substance) is incorporated into MeClas as well.
From the derived hazard category (output of MeClas) the corresponding human health (HH) toxicity value was deduced.
The following data were used as input of MeClas:
1. Classification from individual components according to Annex VI of the CLP regulation (Regulation (EC) 1272/2008) and the 2nd ATP to this regulation, unless additional information on self-classification was used.
2. Percentage of the components in the UVCB: individual total element concentrations (percentages based on total substance amount) were recalculated into percentage of the classified chemical species (i.e. substance), taking into account the distribution pattern of the respective element in its present various mineral forms if such information was available.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
Carcinogenicity: via inhalation route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- carcinogenicity
- Type of information:
- calculation (if not (Q)SAR)
- Remarks:
- Migrated phrase: estimated by calculation
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: calculation tool MeClas (www.meclas.eu) is used
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The C&L considering carcinogenicity of "Residues, precious metal refining cementation" was determined by using the “Classification criteria for mixtures” of Regulation (EC) 1272/2006 section 3.6.3.1.1 “Classification of mixtures when data are available for all components or only for some components of the mixture”. For detailed information for classification strategy of UVCBs please refer to IUCLID section 13 (attachment “PMC Classification method”).
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Conclusions:
- Carcinogenicity classification of UVCB substances is based on the presence of a constituent ≥ 0.1 % classified for carcinogenicity Carc. 1A or Carc. 1B and on the presence of a constituent ≥ 1 % classified for carcinogenicity Carc. 2, respectively. "Residues, precious metal refining cementation" with the composition profile 2 (Residues 2) does contain constituents ≥ 0.1 % classified for carcinogenicity Carc. 1A (As2O3/arsenic acid, NiSO4) and constituents ≥ 1 % classified for carcinogenicity Carc. 2 (i.e., lead and lead compounds and Sb2O3, respectively). Hence, "Residues, precious metal refining cementation" (Residues 2) is considered to induce cancer and must be classified as carcinogenic Carc. 1A (H350), in accordance with Regulation (EC) 1272/2008.
- Executive summary:
The described MeClas-based-calculation provides a conservative estimate of toxicological effects of "Residues, precious metal refining cementation", derived on basis of the mixture C&L rules set forth in Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 using mineralogical information from a representative/worst case sample.
Reference
„Residues, precious metal refining cementation“ is a complex metal containing UVCB substance with wide concentration ranges for each constituent. Each individual constituent of „Residues, precious metal refining cementation“ may contribute (as 'relevant' component) to the UVCB toxicity. With knowledge of the composition, mineralogical information and knowledge of corresponding toxicity of the various chemical species, the respective mixture rules in accordance with Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 are used to calculate the C&L of “Residues, precious metal refining cementation”.
MeClas was used to automatically calculate the classification of the UVCB substance. The calculation tool is based on a database containing the human and environmental hazard information for each component relevant for classification. The information on the representative mineralogical composition (distribution pattern for each constituent of the UVCB substance) is incorporated into MeClas as well.
From the derived hazard category (output of MeClas) the corresponding human health (HH) toxicity value was deduced.
The following data were used as input of MeClas:
1. Classification from individual components according to Annex VI of the CLP regulation (Regulation (EC) 1272/2008) and the 2nd ATP to this regulation, unless additional information on self-classification was used.
2. Percentage of the components in the UVCB: individual total element concentrations (percentages based on total substance amount) were recalculated into percentage of the classified chemical species (i.e. substance), taking into account the distribution pattern of the respective element in its present various mineral forms if such information was available.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
Justification for classification or non-classification
Carcinogenicity classification of UVCB substances is based on the presence of a constituent ≥ 0.1 % classified for carcinogenicity Carc. 1A or Carc. 1B and on the presence of a constituent ≥ 1 % classified for carcinogenicity Carc. 2, respectively. "Residues, precious metal refining cementation" with the composition profile 2 (Residues 2) does contain constituents ≥ 0.1 % classified for carcinogenicity Carc. 1A (As2O3/arsenic acid, NiSO4) and constituents ≥ 1 % classified for carcinogenicity Carc. 2 (i.e., lead and lead compounds and Sb2O3, respectively). Hence, "Residues, precious metal refining cementation" (Residues 2) is considered to induce cancer and must be classified as carcinogenic Carc. 1A (H350), in accordance with Regulation (EC) 1272/2008.
Additional information
Substance specific information for the UVCB substance "Residues, precious metal refining cementation" is not available for the endpoint "Carcinogenicity". In order to meet the requirements for Annex VII till Annex X of Regulation (EC) 1907/2006, read across information from any constituents being relevant needs to be included. Due to the high number of constituents and variability in C&L it was agreed within the consortium to use the classification information from the individual constituents and calculate the resulting classification by using the “generic concentration limits of ingredients of the mixture classified as carcinogen that trigger classification of the mixture” and respective rules of Regulation (EC) 1272/2006 section 3.6.3.1 “Classification of mixtures when data are available for all ingredients or only for some ingredients of the mixture” with the MeClas tool.
In total two different grades of "Residues, precious metal refining cementation" (Residues 1 and Residues 2) were identified by the consortium that could be grouped according to their calculated C&L resulting from the individual composition. Thus, for "Residues, precious metals refining cementation" two C&L entries (i.e., no C&L and carcinogenic Carc. 1A, respectively) for carcinogenicity were calculated. Each group is described in a separate endpoint study record and endpoint summary
Justification for selection of carcinogenicity via oral route endpoint:
Residues 2 with a As2O3 content ≥ 0.1 % is considered to induce cancer and meets classification criteria for Carc. 1A carcinogenicity in accordance with Regulation (EC) 1272/2008.
Justification for selection of carcinogenicity via inhalation route endpoint:
Residues 1 and Residues 3 with a NiSO4 content ≥ 0.1 % is considered to induce cancer and meets classification criteria for Carc. 1A carcinogenicity in accordance with Regulation (EC) 1272/2008.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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