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EC number: 310-051-3 | CAS number: 102110-50-9 The residues obtained by the addition of aluminum or zinc to end liquors obtained from secondary refining of gold, iridium, osmium, palladium, platinum, rhenium, ruthenium or silver. Composed primarily of the precious metals, ammonium chloride and chlorides of aluminum, magnesium and zinc.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
No information on animal testing of "Residues, precious metal refining cementation" on acute toxicity is available. The C&L of "Residues, precious metal refining cementation" composition profile 1 (Residues 1) was determined by using the “acute toxicity range estimate (ATE)” and respective rules of Regulation (EC) 1272/2006 section 3.1.3.6 “Classification of mixtures based on ingredients of the mixture”.
Applying these rules the converted acute toxicity point estimate value for acute toxicity, oral route is 500 mg/kg bw in accordance with EU CLP Guidance Annex I Table 3.1.2. The converted acute toxicity point estimate value for acute toxicity, inhalation route is 1500 mg/m³ in accordance with EU CLP Guidance Annex I Table 3.1.2. For information on C&L for Residuest composition profile 2, please refer to the IUCLID endpoint summary "acute toxicity - Residues, precious metal refining cementation 2".
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Acute toxicity: via oral route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- calculation (if not (Q)SAR)
- Remarks:
- Migrated phrase: estimated by calculation
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: calculation tool MeClas (www.meclas.eu) is used
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The C&L for acute oral toxicity of "Residues, precious metal refining cementation" was determined by using the “acute toxicity range estimate (ATE)” and respective rules of Regulation (EC) 1272/2006 section 3.1.3.6 “Classification of mixtures based on ingredients of the mixture”. For detailed information for classification strategy of UVCBs please refer to IUCLID section 13 (attachment “PMC Classification method”).
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Dose descriptor:
- other: Acute Toxicity Estimate (ATE)
- Effect level:
- > 300 - <= 2 000 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks on result:
- other: calculation
- Interpretation of results:
- harmful
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- According to MeClas, "Residues, precious metal refining cementation" (Residues 1) should be classified as acute toxic oral route Acute Tox. 4 and labelled with H302 (harmful if swallowed) as defined in Regulation (EC) 1272/2008.
The converted acute toxicity point estimate value for acute toxicity, oral route in accordance with EU CLP Guidance Annex I Table 3.1.2 is 500 mg/kg bw. It is noted that this value is designed to be used in the calculation of the ATE for classification on a mixture based on its components and do not represend test results. - Executive summary:
The described MeClas-based-calculation provides a conservative estimate of toxicological effects of "Residues, precious metal refining cementation" (Residues 1), derived on basis of the mixture C&L rules set forth in Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 using mineralogical information from a representative/worst case sample.
Reference
„Residues, precious metal refining cementation“ is a complex metal containing UVCB substance with wide concentration ranges for each constituent. Each individual constituent of „Residues, precious metal refining cementation“ may contribute (as 'relevant' component) to the UVCB toxicity. With knowledge of the composition, mineralogical information and knowledge of corresponding toxicity of the various chemical species, the respective mixture rules in accordance with Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 are used to calculate the C&L of “Residues, precious metal refining cementation”.
MeClas was used to automatically calculate the classification of the UVCB substance. The calculation tool is based on a database containing the human and environmental hazard information for each component relevant for classification. The information on the representative mineralogical composition (distribution pattern for each constituent of the UVCB substance) is incorporated into MeClas as well.
From the derived hazard category (output of MeClas) the corresponding human health (HH) toxicity value was deduced.
The following data were used as input of MeClas:
1. Classification from individual components according to Annex VI of the CLP regulation (Regulation (EC) 1272/2008) and the 2nd ATP to this regulation, unless additional information on self-classification was used.
2. Percentage of the components in the UVCB: individual total element concentrations (percentages based on total substance amount) were recalculated into percentage of the classified chemical species (i.e. substance), taking into account the distribution pattern of the respective element in its present various mineral forms if such information was available.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
Acute toxicity: via inhalation route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- calculation (if not (Q)SAR)
- Remarks:
- Migrated phrase: estimated by calculation
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: calculation tool MeClas (www.meclas.eu) is used
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The C&L for acute inhalation toxicity of "Residues, precious metal refining cementation" was determined by using the “acute toxicity range estimate (ATE)” and respective rules of Regulation (EC) 1272/2006 section 3.1.3.6 “Classification of mixtures based on ingredients of the mixture”. For detailed information for classification strategy of UVCBs please refer to IUCLID section 13 (attachment “PMC Classification method”).
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Dose descriptor:
- other: Acute Toxicity Estimate (ATE)
- Effect level:
- > 1 - <= 5 mg/L air
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks on result:
- other: calculation
- Interpretation of results:
- harmful
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- According to MeClas, "Residues, precious metal refining cementation" (Residues 1 and Residues 2) should be classified for acute inhalation toxicity Acute Tox. 4 and labelled with H332 (harmful if inhaled) as defined in Regulation (EC) 1272/2008.
The converted acute toxicity point estimate value for acute toxicity, inhalation route in accordance with EU CLP Guidance Annex I Table 3.1.2 is 1.5 mg/L. It is noted that this value is designed to be used in the calculation of the ATE for classification on a mixture based on its components and do not represend test results. - Executive summary:
The described MeClas-based-calculation provides a conservative estimate of toxicological effects of "Residues, precious metal refining cementation", derived on basis of the mixture C&L rules set forth in Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 using mineralogical information from a representative/worst case sample.
Reference
„Residues, precious metal refining cementation“ is a complex metal containing UVCB substance with wide concentration ranges for each constituent. Each individual constituent of „Residues, precious metal refining cementation“ may contribute (as 'relevant' component) to the UVCB toxicity. With knowledge of the composition, mineralogical information and knowledge of corresponding toxicity of the various chemical species, the respective mixture rules in accordance with Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 are used to calculate the C&L of “Residues, precious metal refining cementation”.
MeClas was used to automatically calculate the classification of the UVCB substance. The calculation tool is based on a database containing the human and environmental hazard information for each component relevant for classification. The information on the representative mineralogical composition (distribution pattern for each constituent of the UVCB substance) is incorporated into MeClas as well.
From the derived hazard category (output of MeClas) the corresponding human health (HH) toxicity value was deduced.
The following data were used as input of MeClas:
1. Classification from individual components according to Annex VI of the CLP regulation (Regulation (EC) 1272/2008) and the 2nd ATP to this regulation, unless additional information on self-classification was used.
2. Percentage of the components in the UVCB: individual total element concentrations (percentages based on total substance amount) were recalculated into percentage of the classified chemical species (i.e. substance), taking into account the distribution pattern of the respective element in its present various mineral forms if such information was available.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
Acute toxicity: via dermal route
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
Additional information
Substance specific information for the UVCB substance "Residues, precious metal refining cementation" is not available for the endpoint "Acute Toxicity". In order to meet the requirements for Annex VII till Annex X of Regulation (EC) 1907/2006, read across information from any constituents being relevant needs to be included. Due to the high number of constituents and variability in C&L it was agreed within the consortium to use the classification information from the individual constituents and calculate the resulting classification by using the “acute toxicity range estimate (ATE)” and respective rules of Regulation (EC) 1272/2006 section 3.1.3.6 “Classification of mixtures based on ingredients of the mixture” with the MeClas tool.
In total two different grades of Residues (Residues 1 and Residues 2) were identified by the consortium that could be grouped according to their calculated C&L resulting from the individual composition. Thus, for Residues two C&L entries i.e., harmful if swallowed and inhaled, (Residues 1), and toxic if swallowed and harmful if inhaled (Residues 2), respectively for acute toxicity were calculated. Each group is described in a separate endpoint study record and endpoint summary.
Justification for classification or non-classification
The available information indicates that "Residues, precious metal refining cementation" composition profile 1 is harmful via ingestion and inhalation, but not acute toxic or harmful via the dermal route. Residues 1 requires classification as harmful if swallowed (Acute Tox. 4) and harmful if inhaled (Acute Tox. 4) according to Regulation (EC) 1272/2008. Classification of Residues 1 for acute toxicity via the dermal route is not required according to Regulation (EC) 1272/2008.
Specific
target organ toxicant (STOT) - single exposure: oral, inhalation and
dermal
The
classification criteria according to Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 as
specific target organ toxicant (STOT) – single exposure are not met
since any adverse health effects, including reversible and irreversible,
were not observed immediately or delayed after exposure.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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