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EC number: 202-046-9 | CAS number: 91-17-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- May - August 1996
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP study
- Objective of study:
- toxicokinetics
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- NTP method detailed in the report
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Radiolabelling:
- no
- Species:
- other: rat and mice
- Strain:
- other: F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: vapour
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- single 6-hour whole body inhalation exposure
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
25, 100, or 400 ppm - Control animals:
- no
- Positive control reference chemical:
- no positive control
- Details on dosing and sampling:
- Heparinized blood was collected from the retroorbital plexus (rats) or supraorbital sinus (mice) under 70% carbon
dioxide (in room air) anesthesia after exposure. Each animal was bled twice, once in each eye (except rats, which
were sampled three times at less than 5 minutes after exposure, 60 minutes, and approximately 1440 minutes after
exposure). Rats from all exposure groups were bled at 5 minutes or less and at 10, 20, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, and
1440 minutes postexposure. Mice from the 25 ppm group were bled at 5 minutes or less and at 10, 20, 40, 60, 120,
240, and 360 minutes postexposure. Mice from the 100 and 400 ppm groups were bled at less than 5 minutes and
at 10, 20, 40, 60, 180, 360, and 480 minutes postexposure. Samples were stored at –70° C until analyses. - Test no.:
- #1
- Toxicokinetic parameters:
- half-life 1st: 23.0-26.6 min
- Test no.:
- #1
- Toxicokinetic parameters:
- half-life 2nd: 418-511 min
- Test no.:
- #1
- Toxicokinetic parameters:
- AUC: 2.18-5.26 µg min/g ppm
- Conclusions:
- Decahydronaphthalene is rapidly eliminated by rats or mice following a single inhalation exposure. No sex differences were noted.
Therefore, no significant bioaccumulation potential is expected based on the study results. - Executive summary:
The single exposure inhalation study was designed to estimate toxicokinetic parameters relevant to the elimination
of decalin from the blood of F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. Male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice
received a single 6-hour whole body inhalation exposure to 25, 100, or 400 ppm decahydronaphthalene. Postexposure blood
samples were analyzed for decalin, and the results were used to estimate toxicokinetic parameters.
The half-lives for the initial elimination phase were not significantly different between sexes for rats and mice.
Differences in the terminal phase half-lives as a function of exposure concentration were also not significant
between sexes for rats or mice. At each decalin exposure concentration, no significant differences in the initial or
terminal half-lives as a function of sex for either species was observed. Half-lives for the initial elimination phase
were approximately 1.1 to 6.0 times shorter in mice than those in rats. Half-lives for the terminal elimination
phase in mice were approximately 3.4 to 5.4 times shorter than those in rats.
There are several conclusions that can be drawn from the PBPK model. First, it is not possible to detect any
differences in the metabolism of decalin between male and female mice in these data. There are significant
differences between male and female rats driven by the difference in kidney decalin concentrations. Second, the
model predicts a higher rate of metabolism for mice, but this metabolism pathway saturates at a lower
concentration than that in rats. Third, the model indicates that the highest dose (400 ppm) selected for the study
was at a concentration where metabolism was saturated. Finally, it is not possible to determine if the metabolism
and permeability parameters for male and female rats are the same; the only difference between the sexes were
parameters associated with the binding to alpha-2u-globulin.
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- August 1984 - July 1985
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: published peer reviewed report
- Objective of study:
- metabolism
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Groups of male and female Fischer 344 rats with 7-9 animals/group were dosed intragastrically with 0.5 mL cis, trans decahydronaphthalene or water (controls) on an every-other-day regimen for 14 days. Urine was collected during the first two day following initial dosing and analysed for metabolites. At the end of the dosing period animals were sacrificed and one kidney analsed for metabolites. Metabolites were identified by GC/MS and comparison to authentic standards.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Radiolabelling:
- no
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Fischer 344
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- no data
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Details on exposure:
- Rats were dosed orally with cis- or trans-decahydronaphthalene (each isomer: 2500 mg/kg bw, males; 3000 mg/kg bw, females) every second day
for 14 days. - Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- every second day for 14 days
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
2500 mg/kg bw, males;
3000 mg/kg bw, females - No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:
- 7-9
- Control animals:
- yes
- Type:
- metabolism
- Results:
- Metabolism of cis-decahydronaphthalene in rats yielded cis,trans-1-decalol and cis,cis-2-decalol in the urine of both sexes, with the male also producing cis,cis-1-decalol.
- Type:
- metabolism
- Results:
- Metabolites were excreted as glucuronic and sulfat conjugates
- Metabolites identified:
- yes
- Details on metabolites:
- Metabolism of cis-decahydronaphthalene in rats yielded cis,trans-1-decalol and cis,cis-2-decalol in the urine of both sexes, with the
male also producing cis,cis-1-decalol. The urinary metabolites of trans-decahydronaphthalene included trans,cis-2-decalol in both sexes
and trans,trans-1-decalol in males. In male rat kidney extracts decahydronaphthalene metabolites found were the respective 2-decalones. The female rats exhibited no detectable decahydronaphthalene metabolites in the kidney extracts. Females showed no recognizable renal lesions, whereas 7/7 (cis) and 5/6 (trans) males had renal lesions (severe hyaline droplet
accumulation in the cells of the proximal convoluted tubules and multifocal casts of necrotic cells and debris in the tubules near the
corticomedullary junction). The one male rat dosed with trans-decahydronaphthalene that did not exhibit trans-2-decalone in the
kidney extract had a histologically normal kidney. - Conclusions:
- Metabolism of cis-decalin yielded cis,trans-1-decalol and cis,cis-2-decalol in the urine of both sexes, with the male also producing cis,cis-1-decalol. The urinary metabolites of trans-decalin included trans,cis-2-decalol in both male and female rats and trans,trans-1-decalol in males.
Therefore, no bioaccumulation potential based on study results is expected. - Executive summary:
The cis- and trans-decalin stereoisomers have found many uses as solvents and fuel components. The metabolism of the decalin isomers in male and female Fischer-344 rats and the effects of the decalins on renal damage were evaluated. Only male rats had kidney damage. Metabolism of cis-decalin yielded cis,trans-1-decalol and cis,cis-2-decalol in the urine of both sexes, with the male also producing cis,cis-1-decalol. The urinary metabolites of trans-decalin included trans,cis-2-decalol in both male and female rats and trans,trans-1-decalol in males. Extracts of kidney homogenates from male rats, but not from females, dosed with cis- and trans-decalin yielded cis-2-decalone and trans-2-decalone, respectively. A single male rat treated with trans-decalin produced no 2-decalone in the kidney extract and also showed no renal damage.
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: published peer reviewed, no guidelien mentioned but study was conducted and reported up to current standards
- Objective of study:
- metabolism
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- single dose, gavage application,
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Radiolabelling:
- no
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- female
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- other: no vehicle but followed by 20 mL water
- Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- single treatment
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
cis decahydronaphthalene: 3.53 mmol/kg bw
trans decahydronaphthalene: 3.9 mmol/kg bw - No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:
- 3
- Control animals:
- no
- Positive control reference chemical:
- no positive controls
- Details on dosing and sampling:
- Cis- and trans-decahydronaphthalene (2 ml each) were administered by stomach tube to adult rabbits and the metabolism had been investigated.
About 60 % of the dose given was excreted as ether-linked glucuronides. The aglycones isolated after feeding with cis-decahydronaphthalene were
cis,cis-2-decalol (mainly) and cis,trans-2-decalol, whereas a trans-decahydronaphthalene feed yielded racemic trans,cis-2-decalol (mainly) and
trans,trans-2-decalol. These results suggest that biological oxidation of decahydronaphthalene doses not occur via a free-radical mechanism. - Metabolites identified:
- yes
- Details on metabolites:
- racemic secondary alcohols and excreted as ether glucuronides in amounts equal to about 60% of the dose administered.
The principal glucuronides were isolated as triacetyl methyl esters and as sodium salts.
cis-Decalin gave rise mainly to (+/-)-cis-cis-2-decalol, together with a little cis-trans-2-decalol, and trans-decalin mainly to (+/-)-trans-cis-2-decalol and a small amount of trans-trans-2-decalol. - Conclusions:
- cis- and trans-decalin are metabolised in the rabbit to racemic secondary alcohols and excreted as ether glucuronides in amounts equal to about 60% of the dose administered.
- Executive summary:
The metabolism of cis- and trans-decalin in the rabbit has been investigated.
Both hydrocarbons were oxidized to racemic secondary alcohols and excreted as ether glucuronides in amounts equal to about 60% of the dose administered. The principal glucuronides were isolated as triacetyl methyl esters and as sodium salts.
cis-Decalin gave rise mainly to (+/-)-cis-cis-2-decalol, together with a little cis-trans-2-decalol, and trans-decalin mainly to (+/-)-trans-cis-2-decalol and a small amount of trans-trans-2-decalol.
These results suggest that biological oxidation of the decalins does not occur via a free-radical mechanism. An attempt is made to explain why racemic alcohols are obtained, rather than the more typical optically active products of enzymic reaction, and a mechanism is proposed. It is suggested that enzymes similar to steroid hydroxylases are involved.
Referenceopen allclose all
Decalin exhibited biexponential blood elimination kinetics in rats and mice after a single 6-hour whole body inhalation exposure. A rapid initial phase (") representing elimination from blood and rapidly perfused tissues such as liver, lung, and kidney was followed by a slower phase ($) representing elimination from slowly perfused tissues such as muscle and fat. The biexponential curves, weighted using [mean decalin blood concentrations]–2, that were used to model the data and to estimate toxicokinetic parameters for rats are presented in Figures M1 and M2; parameter estimates, A0, ", B0, and $, were obtained from these models. The biexponential curves, weighted using [mean decalin blood concentration]–1, that were used to model the data and to estimate toxicokinetic parameters for mice are presented in Figures M2 and M3; parameter estimates, A0, ", B0, and $, were obtained from these models . The parameter estimates, A0, ", B0, and $ were used to calculate t½", t½$, C0, and AUC4.
Description of key information
Short description of key information on bioaccumulation potential result:
Experimental studies on metabolism and toxicokinetic in rats, mice, rabbits and dogs are available following inhalation or oral administration of decahydronaphthalene. Oxidative metabolism was reported with metabolites excreted only via urine and exclusively conjugated as glucuronidates or sulfats.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Bioaccumulation potential:
- no bioaccumulation potential
Additional information
Rapid uptake, metabolism and elimination were reported for rats, mice, rabbits and dogs.
Accumulation was reported in kidney of young male rats only an decahydronapthalene accumulated as complex with alpha2u-globulin. This mechanism is generally regarded as sex and species specific with no relevance to humans or other animal species.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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