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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 214-604-9 | CAS number: 1163-19-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 6 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- exposure based waiving
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- exposure based waiving
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- exposure based waiving
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- exposure based waiving
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- exposure based waiving
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- exposure based waiving
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- exposure based waiving
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Additional information - workers
The worker inhalation DNEL long-term exposure, systemic effects, was calculated to be 6 mg/m3. This is consistent with the acceptable workplace exposure limit of 5 mg/M3 established by the American Council of Governmental Hygenists.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 70 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 12.5
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- exposure based waiving
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- exposure based waiving
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- exposure based waiving
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- exposure based waiving
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- exposure based waiving
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- exposure based waiving
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- exposure based waiving
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 20 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 20 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Additional information - General Population
The general public inhalation DNEL long-term systemic exposure was calculated to be 70 mg/m3, while the oral DNEL for long-term systemic exposure was calculated to be 20 mg/kg bw/d. These DNELs compare favorably to the U.S. ATSDR intermediate-duration reference dose for the general population of 10 mg/kg bw/d, the U.S. National Research Council's lifetime oral RfD of 4 mg/kg/d, and the oral RfD of 4 mg/kg/d developed by Hardy et al. (2009) using bench mark dose modeling. While the U.S. Intgrated Risk Information System (IRIS) published an RfD of 0.007 mg/kg/d in 2008, this RfD was improperly based on Viberg et al. (2003), which is not reliable and disregarded in this assessment. To investigate the effects reported by Viberg et al. after a single dose of 20 mg/kg, a robust, guideline- and GLP-compliant developmental neurotoxicity study was performed, which demonstrated a NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg bw/day.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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