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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 241-460-4 | CAS number: 17439-11-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.823 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 75
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- LOAEL
- Value:
- 12.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- LOAEC
- Value:
- 61.7 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The LOAEL from the study according to OECD Guideline 408 has been modified accounting for the standard respiratory volume for rats (8 h) of 0.38 m³/kg bw, the standard respiratory volume for human under normal conditions (8 h) of 6.7 m³/person and under light activity of 10 m³/person (default weight of 70 kg). In addition, the oral and inhalative absorption was accounted for (50 % inhalation, 100 % oral, please refer to Section 7.1 Toxicokinetics). Since the study is performed at 7 days/week, while the exposure of workers is 5 days/week, the LOAEL is also corrected by the factor of 1.4 (7/5). The resulting corrected LOAEC is the following:
corrected LOAEC = 12.5 mg/kg bw/day * (1/0.38) * (6.7/10) * (100 %/50 %) * 1.4 = 61.71 mg/m³
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 3
- Justification:
- Default in case the starting point is a LOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Default for sub-chronic to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Default as allometric scaling is already included in corrected starting point
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default for remaining interspecies differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default for workers
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The database is of good quality
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.823 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 5.83 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 300
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- LOAEL
- Value:
- 12.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- LOAEL
- Value:
- 1 750 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The LOAEL from the study according to OECD Guideline 408 has been modified accounting for the difference in exposure for workers and test animals. Since the study is performed at 7 days/week, while the exposure of workers is 5 days/week, the LOAEL is corrected by the factor of 1.4 (7/5). In addition, the oral and dermal absorption was accounted for (1 % dermal, 100 % oral, please refer to Section 7.1 Toxicokinetics). The resulting corrected LOAEL is the following:
corrected LOAEL = 12.5 mg/kg bw/day * (100 %/1 %) * 1.4 = 1750 mg/kg bw/day
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 3
- Justification:
- Default in case the starting point is a LOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Default for sub-chronic to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default for rats
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default for remaining interspecies differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default for workers
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The database is of good quality
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 5.83 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.145 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 150
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- LOAEL
- Value:
- 12.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- LOAEC
- Value:
- 21.7 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The LOAEL from the study according to OECD Guideline 408 has been modified accounting for the standard respiratory volume for rats (24 h) of 1.15 m³/kg bw. In addition, the oral and inhalative absorption was accounted for (50 % inhalation, 100 % oral, please refer to Section 7.1 Toxicokinetics). The resulting corrected LOAEC is the following:
corrected LOAEC = 12.5 mg/kg bw/day * (1/1.15) * (100 %/50 %) = 21.74 mg/m³
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 3
- Justification:
- Default in case the starting point is a LOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Default for sub-chronic to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Default as allometric scaling is already included in corrected starting point
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default for remaining interspecies differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The database is of good quality
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.145 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.08 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 600
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- LOAEL
- Value:
- 12.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- LOAEL
- Value:
- 1 250 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The LOAEL from the study according to OECD Guideline 408 has been modified accounting for the oral and dermal absorption (1 % dermal, 100 % oral, please refer to Section 7.1 Toxicokinetics). The resulting corrected LOAEL is the following:
corrected LOAEL = 12.5 mg/kg bw/day * (100 %/1 %) = 1250 mg/kg bw/day
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 3
- Justification:
- Default in case the starting point is a LOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Default for sub-chronic to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default for rats
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default for remaining interspecies differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The database is of good quality
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.08 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 20.8 µg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 600
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- LOAEL
- Value:
- 12.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- LOAEL
- Value:
- 12.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
No correction of the LOAEL from the study according to OECD Guideline 408 was neccessary. The oral absorption of rats is considered to be equal to the oral absorption of humans.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 3
- Justification:
- Default in case the starting point is a LOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Default for sub-chronic to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default (DNEL calculator)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default for rats
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The database is of good quality
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 20.8 µg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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