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EC number: 219-163-6 | CAS number: 2379-74-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2014-11-16 to 2015-07-10
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- According to OECD 201 and GLP.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Preparation of the saturated solution:
The saturated solution (1.00 mg/L test item was weighed out) was prepared with demineralized water two days prior to the start of the exposure (0 h).
Treatment:
The test item was dispersed in the demineralized water by stirring with approximately 1100 rpm for 48 h at room temperature. After completion of stirring, the test item dispersion was filtered with a membrane filter (0.45 µm, RC, MACHEREY-NAGEL) to achieve the saturated solution. After the membrane filtration the components of the dilution water were added to the saturated solution. Centrifugation was found unsuitable due to observations in the definitve test.
Test concentration:
The saturated solution was tested in a limit test.
Control:
Six replicates (without test item) were tested under the same test conditions as the test replicates. - Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Desmodesmus subspicatus Chodat
- Strain: SAG 86.81
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): SAG Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut der Universitaet Goettingen, Nikolausberger Weg 18, D-37073 Goettingen, Germany
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 4 days
- Method of cultivation: Fresh stocks were prepared every month on Z-Agar. Light intensity amounted to 35 - 70 µE x m-2 x s-1 for 24 h per day. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No
- Hardness:
- Dilution water: 0.24 mmol Ca+mg/L.
- Test temperature:
- min.: 22.0 max.: 23.0, mean value: 22.5
- pH:
- Nominal concentration pH-value
[mg/L] Start; 0 hours End; 72 hours
1.00 7.92 8.46
Control 8.04 8.60 - Dissolved oxygen:
- Not measured
- Salinity:
- Not measured, freshwater conditions
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type (delete if not applicable): open, cotton wool plugs
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: sterile 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, test volume 100 mL
- Aeration: Test containers were placed on a rotary shaker and oscillated at appr. 70 rpm
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): None
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): One application at test start
- Initial cells density: Nominal: approximately 2 - 5 x 103 cells/mL, Actual: mean 4847 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: Mean 1025784 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Dilution water, composition acc. to the guideline
- Hardness: 0.24 mmol Ca+Mg/L
- pH-value: 8.1 +/- 0.2
- Culture medium: Nutrient Medium Z acc. to LÜTTGE et al. (1994)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: no
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 24 h
- Light intensity and quality: 60 - 120 µE x m-2 x s-1, mean value: 70.6
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: [counting chamber; electronic particle counter; fluorimeter; spectrophotometer; colorimeter] fluorimeter, Cell density and self fluorescence was measured daily via Chlorophyll-a- fluorescence, excitation at 436 nm, emission at 685 nm. Dilution water was used as background signal.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study:No
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test):
- Unusual cell shape: No
- Colour differences: No
- Flocculation: No
- Adherence to test vessels: No
- Aggregation of algal cells: No
- Other: No
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: No
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: No - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
EC50 Values of the Reference Item
based on nominal concentrations mg/L, (0-72 hours)
Current Study Valid Range (average ± 3 x SD)
Growth Rate Inhibition
ErC50 0.546 0.671 ± 0.413
95 % confidence interval 0.496 - 0.606
Yield Inhibition
EyC50 0.281 0.317 ± 0.139
95 % confidence interval 0.220 - 0.347
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- NOEC/LOEC were determined by calculation of statistical significance of growth rate and yield. As standard One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and DUNNETT’s test were used for NOEC/LOEC calculations. When running a One Way Analysis of Variance a Normality test and an Equal Variance test were done first. The SHAPIRO-WILK-Test was used to test for normally distributed populations. The Levene median test was used for equal variance. P-values for both Normality and Equal Variance tests are 0.05. The -value (acceptable probability of incorrectly concluding that there is a difference) is =0.05.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In this study, the NOEC-value of the test item for both inhibition of growth rate and inhibition of yield after 72 hours was 1.00 mg/L. The EC50-values of the test item for inhibition of growth rate (ErC50) and yield (EyC50) after 72 hours were both > 1.00 mg/L, respectively.
All effect levels are given based on the nominal concentration of Pigment Red 181. - Executive summary:
The toxicity of Pigment Red 181 to the unicellular freshwater green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus was determined according to the principles of OECD 201 (2011) . The aim of the study was to assess the effects on growth rate and yield over a period of 72 hours.
The study was conducted under static conditions with an initial cell density of 4847 cells/mL. A saturated solution with a nominal concentration of 1 mg/L was tested. Six replicates were tested for the limit concentration and the control. Environmental conditions were determined to be within the acceptable limits.
No analytical determination was carried out since no suitable method for the determination of the test item could be established. All effect values of Pigment Red 181 are given based on the nominal concentration.
Table1: NOEC, LOEC, EC - values ofPigment Red 181 (0-72 hours)
based on nominal test item concentrations [mg/L]
Growth Rate Inhibition
Nominal test item concentration [mg/L]NOEC
1.00
LOEC
> 1.00
ErC10
> 1.00
ErC20
> 1.00
ErC50
> 1.00
Inhibition of Yield
Nominal test item concentration [mg/L]
NOEC
1.00
LOEC
> 1.00
EyC10
≥1.00
EyC20
> 1.00
EyC50
> 1.00
Reference
Cell Densities
Nominal test item concentration |
Replicate |
Cell density [cells/mL] |
|||
[mg/L] |
No. |
0 hours |
24 hours |
48 hours |
72 hours |
1.00 |
1 |
4847 |
37265 |
206378 |
971738 |
2 |
4847 |
31992 |
199922 |
884668 |
|
3 |
4847 |
30939 |
199383 |
988142 |
|
4 |
4847 |
28216 |
211746 |
879040 |
|
5 |
4847 |
32108 |
190118 |
788121 |
|
6 |
4847 |
39516 |
203357 |
1050919 |
|
Mean |
4847 |
33339 |
201817 |
927105 |
|
Control |
1 |
4847 |
43307 |
231681 |
920939 |
2 |
4847 |
38703 |
205377 |
1093492 |
|
3 |
4847 |
37448 |
217788 |
933398 |
|
4 |
4847 |
41479 |
220704 |
1158097 |
|
5 |
4847 |
41161 |
209553 |
961973 |
|
6 |
4847 |
39607 |
201288 |
1086805 |
|
Mean |
4847 |
40284 |
214399 |
1025784 |
Evaluation after 72 hours
Statistically significant differences of growth rates and yield compared to
control values are marked (+), not significant differences are marked (-).
Nominal test item concentration |
Replicate |
Growth rate |
Rate-related inhibition |
Yield |
Inhibition of yield |
||
[mg/L] |
No. |
[d-1] |
[%] |
[cells/mL] |
[%] |
||
1.00 |
1 |
|
1.77 |
1 |
|
966891 |
5 |
2 |
|
1.74 |
3 |
|
879821 |
14 |
|
3 |
|
1.77 |
1 |
|
983295 |
4 |
|
4 |
|
1.73 |
3 |
|
874193 |
14 |
|
5 |
|
1.70 |
5 |
|
783274 |
23 |
|
6 |
|
1.79 |
-1 |
|
1046072 |
-2 |
|
Mean |
(-) |
1.75 |
2 |
(-) |
922258 |
10 |
|
Control |
1 |
|
1.75 |
|
|
916092 |
|
2 |
|
1.81 |
|
|
1088645 |
|
|
3 |
|
1.75 |
|
|
928551 |
|
|
4 |
|
1.83 |
|
|
1153250 |
|
|
5 |
|
1.76 |
|
|
957126 |
|
|
6 |
|
1.80 |
|
|
1081958 |
|
|
Mean |
|
1.78 |
|
|
1020937 |
|
Section-by-Section and Average Specific Growth Ratesof the Control Group (0 – 72 hours)
|
Replicate No. |
Specific growth rate [d-1] |
Mean (0 - 72 h) |
SD ± |
CV |
Mean CV [%] |
||
section-by-section |
||||||||
0 - 24 hours |
24 - 48 hours |
48 - 72 hours |
||||||
Control |
1 |
2.19 |
1.68 |
1.38 |
1.75 |
0.410 |
23.4 |
16.9 |
2 |
2.08 |
1.67 |
1.67 |
1.81 |
0.235 |
13.0 |
||
3 |
2.04 |
1.76 |
1.46 |
1.75 |
0.295 |
16.8 |
||
4 |
2.15 |
1.67 |
1.66 |
1.83 |
0.278 |
15.3 |
||
5 |
2.14 |
1.63 |
1.52 |
1.76 |
0.329 |
18.7 |
||
6 |
2.10 |
1.63 |
1.69 |
1.80 |
0.258 |
14.3 |
||
|
|
|
Mean |
1.78 |
|
|
||
|
|
|
SD ± |
0.03 |
|
|||
|
|
|
CV [%] |
1.81 |
|
CV= Coefficient of variation
SD= Standard deviation
Description of key information
One study according OECD 201 ia available. In this study, the NOEC-value of the test item for both inhibition of growth rate and inhibition of yield after 72 hours was 1.00 mg/L. The EC50-values of the test item for inhibition of growth rate (ErC50) and yield (EyC50) after 72 hours were both > 1.00 mg/L, respectively.
All effect levels are given based on the nominal concentration of Pigment Red 181.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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