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EC number: 202-486-1 | CAS number: 96-18-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_environmental-fate-and-pathways.png)
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The data are from an official Japanese data base on experimental data for biodegradation that is well recognised by authorities. The study was performed under standard conditions, but no details on the test are available.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))
- Version / remarks:
- Information from OECD SIDS dossier for 1,2,3-trichloropropane
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The test was performed with a concentration of 100 mg/L test solution, 30 mg/L activated sludge and a total volume of test solution of 300 mL at 25 °C for 28 days.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- no data
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Remarks:
- Termed "BOD" in the short summary
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- TOC removal
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- test mat. analysis
- Remarks:
- Analysis by gas chromatography
- Details on study design:
- The concentration of the test substance was 100 mg/L. The concentration of activated sludge (as concentration of suspended solid) was 30 mg/L. The volume of the test solution was 300 mL. The test was performed at 25 °C for 28 days. The test was carried out in three parallel series.
- Reference substance:
- not specified
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 0
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (TOC removal)
- Value:
- 0
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (test mat. analysis)
- Value:
- 7.7
- St. dev.:
- 11.6
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- The biodegradation was 0 % (based on BOD), 0 % (based on TOC) and between 0 and 22 % with an average of 7.7 % (based on test material analysis)
- Results with reference substance:
- no data
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
- Conclusions:
- The substance 1,2,3-trichloropropane is not biodegradable under the conditions of a standard screening test on biodegradation in water.
- Executive summary:
The biodegradation in water of the test substance 1,2,3-trichloropropane was studied under aerobic conditions in a standard screening test performed in three parallel series in accordance with OECD Guideline No. 301C. To this end 100 mg/L test substance and 30 mg/L activated sludge were added to a total test volume of 300 mL. The test was performed at 25 °C for 28 days. The biodegradation was estimated by determination of the BOD (0 % degradation), the TOC (0 % degradation) and gas chromatographic analysis of the test material content (0 to 22 % degradation, mean 7.7 %).
In conclusion, the study found that 1,2,3 -trichloropropane is not readily biodegradable in water under aerobic conditions.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: inherent biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2003
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The study was conducted according to OECD guideline 302B and in accordance with GLP
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 302 B (Inherent biodegradability: Zahn-Wellens/EMPA Test)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- OECD guideline
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Not applicable - Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, industrial, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge (e.g. location, sampling depth, contamination history, procedure): Midland Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (Midland, Michigan)
- Storage conditions: Upon return to the laboratory, the activated sludge was washed twice with tap water, and dispersed in mineral medium.
- Water filtered: no - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 150 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- test mat. analysis
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- DOC removal
- Details on study design:
- EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN:
Reaction mixtures containing 1,2-dichloropropane were prepared in 1-liter glass bottles constructed with glass baffles. The vessels were sealed with caps equipped with two sampling ports. One port contained a sampling valve with a Luer lock fitting connected to Teflon tubing that permitted sampling of the reaction mixture. A second port was fitted with a plastic sleeve to insert a fiber optic probe for headspace oxygen measurements. The probe was protected in a #18 gauge stainless steel needle that was inserted through the sampling valve into the vessel headspace.
Portions of activated sludge (240 mL) were combined with 255 mL of mineral medium and adjusted to a final volume of 500 mL with aniline stock solution or water, as appropriate. Test mixtures were prepared by adding 65 uL of 1,2-dichloropropane (density 1.16 mg/mL) to duplicate vessels to obtain a nominal concentration of 150 mg/L 1,2-dichloropropane.
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: 0 (3 hours after addition of 1,2-dichloropropane), 1, 2, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days
- Additional samples were collected following the conclusion of the experiment on day 31 for additional DOC analyses
- Sampling method: A disposable 20-mL plastic syringe was connected to the sampling port of the reaction vessel with a Luer lock fitting and approximately 25 mL of the reaction mixture was removed. The sample was passed through a 0.45 mm nylon membrane filter containing a glass fiber pre-filter. Filters were pre-rinsed with water prior to use. For samples collected on days 28 and 31, centrifugation was used to separate the sludge solids from the liquid phase prior to filtering in order to reduce excessive backpressures encountered in the filtering step. The filtrate was collected in a 40-mL vial chilled in ice to minimize volatilization losses of 1,2-dichloropropane.
- Sample storage before analysis: Following collection of the filtrate, a 1-mL subsample was removed and mixed with 1-mL of 25% phosphoric acid solution in a 20-mL headspace vial that was chilled in ice.
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: Inoculum control mixtures containing only the inoculated medium were included to allow measurement of background DOC concentrations in the reaction mixtures and possible interferences in the compound specific analysis by GC.
- Toxicity control: Toxicity control mixtures amended with 72 mg/L aniline and 150 mg/L 1,2-dichloropropane were used to determine whether the test material was inhibitory to the microbial inoculum. - Reference substance:
- aniline
- Preliminary study:
- Preliminary studies indicated that even minimal aeration of the reaction mixtures resulted in extensive losses of 1,2-dichloropropane by volatilization.
- Test performance:
- No data
- Parameter:
- % degradation (DOC removal)
- Value:
- 0
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- No biodegradation of 1,2-dichloropropane was observed during the test. No
difference was observed in loss of 1,2-dichloropropane in viable mixtures
compared to abiotic controls over 28 days.
Aniline (reference compound) was extensively degraded in positive control mixtures (96% in 14 days), thereby confirming the viability of the microbial inoculum.
Extensive degradation of aniline in toxicity control mixtures containing PDC (98% in 14 days) showed that PDC was not inhibitory to the inoculum under the test conditions. - Results with reference substance:
- Aniline (reference compound) was extensively degraded in positive control mixtures (96% in 14 days), thereby confirming the viability of the microbial inoculum. Similar extensive degradation of aniline in the presence of 1,2-dichloropropane (98% in 14 days) demonstrated that the test material was not inhibitory to the inoculum under the test conditions.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
- Conclusions:
- 1,2-Dichloropropane did not meet the criteria of inherent biodegradability under the conditions of a modified OECD Method 302B test.
- Executive summary:
The inherent biodegradability of 1,2-dichloropropane was assessed using a modification of the Zahn-Wellens/EMPA test (OECD Method 302B). Reaction mixtures were prepared by dispersing activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in a standard mineral medium. Reaction mixtures were amended with 150 mg/L 1,2 -dichloropropane and incubated in closed vessels to minimize the loss of test material due to volatilization. Oxygen concentrations in the headspace of the vessels were monitored and oxygen gas was added as necessary to ensure that aerobic conditions were maintained. The reaction mixtures were continuously mixed and incubated at 22 ± 1 °C for 28 days. Compound specific analyses of 1,2 -dichloropropane in the liquid phase of the reaction mixtures by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) showed little difference in test material concentrations over time between viable and abiotic control mixtures (biologically inhibited with mercuric chloride).
Thus, 1,2 -dichloropropane did not biodegrade under the conditions of this test. Measurement of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in the reaction mixtures confirmed the results of the GC-FID analyses.
Aniline (reference compound) was extensively degraded in positive control mixtures (96% in 14 days), thereby confirming the viability of the microbial inoculum. Similar extensive degradation of aniline in the presence of 1,2 -dichloropropane (98% in 14 days) demonstrated that 1,2 -dichloropropane was not inhibitory to the inoculum under the test conditions.
Referenceopen allclose all
None
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- not biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
The biodegradation in water of the test substance TCP was studied under aerobic conditions in a standard screening test (MITI 1992a) performed in three parallel series in accordance with OECD Guideline No. 301C. To this end 100 mg/L test substance and 30 mg/L activated sludge were added to a total test volume of 300 mL. The test was performed at 25 °C for 28 days. The biodegradation was estimated by determination of the BOD (0 % degradation), the TOC (0 % degradation) and gas chromatographic analysis of the test material content (0 to 22 % degradation, mean 7.7 %). In conclusion, the study found that TCP is not readily biodegradable in water under aerobic conditions.
The inherent biodegradability of the closely related 1,2-dichloropropane was assessed using a modification of the Zahn-Wellens/EMPA test (DOW 2003). The test was in accordance with OECD Guideline No. 302B. Reaction mixtures were prepared by dispersing activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in a standard mineral medium. Reaction mixtures were amended with 150 mg/L 1,2 -dichloropropane and incubated in closed vessels to minimize the loss of test material due to volatilization. Oxygen concentrations in the headspace of the vessels were monitored and oxygen gas was added as necessary to ensure that aerobic conditions were maintained. The reaction mixtures were continuously mixed and incubated at 22 ± 1 °C for 28 days. Compound specific analyses of 1,2 -dichloropropane in the liquid phase of the reaction mixtures by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) showed little difference in test material concentrations over time between viable and abiotic control mixtures (biologically inhibited with mercuric chloride). Thus, 1,2 -dichloropropane did not biodegrade under the conditions of this test. Measurement of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in the reaction mixtures confirmed the results of the GC-FID analyses. The studies indicate that a biodegradation of TCP in the aquatic environment is unlikely under aerobic conditions. The CICAD 56 document for TCP (WHO) discusses a preliminary study on the co-oxidative transformation of the substance by the ammonia-oxidising bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea (Vannelli et al. 1990). In the experiment, the chlorinated substrate at a concentration of about 6.8 mmol/L was reduced to a residual amount of 91 % in the absence of the energy source ammonia and to 77 % in the presence of ammonia after 24 hours of incubation.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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