ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-30T13:17:122020-04-21T13:38:28ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 9.13b.v2Functional fluid use (professional): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered: Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.
Inclusion of sub-SPERCs
2 ERCs -9a and 9b- covered by same sub-SPERCUse as functional fluids (e.g. cable oils, transfer oils, coolants, insulators, refrigerants, hydraulic fluids (in professional equipment including maintenance and related material transfers and use of similar sealed items containing functional fluids for consumers.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falsePROFESSIONAL_WORKER_USEINDUSTRIALSU_0PC_161.37E-6Amount of substance use per day: Supplied by registrant
Fraction of Regional tonnage used locally: 0.05% (default value) / Number of emission days per year: 365 (default)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe value has been adopted from an authoritative literature source that documents the default release factors for all recognized Environmental Release Categories (ERCs). The value above represents the average default release factor for the widespread use of a functional fluid at indoor and outdoor locations (ERC 9a and ERC 9b).
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment Chapter R.16: Environmental exposure assessment Version 3.0. Appendix A.16-1. Helsinki, Finland.
(https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdf).The value has been adopted from an authoritative literature source that documents the default release factors for all recognized Environmental Release Categories (ERCs). The value above represents the average default release factor for the widespread use of a functional fluid at indoor and outdoor locations (ERC 9a and ERC 9b).
(NB this value has been changed from 2.5% to 5% based on the updated water release factor for ERC 9a published in the most recent version of the guidance document.)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment Chapter R.16: Environmental exposure assessment Version 3.0. Appendix A.16-1. Helsinki, Finland.
(https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdf).The value has been adopted from an authoritative literature source that documents the default release factors for all recognized Environmental Release Categories (ERCs). The value above represents the average default release factor for the widespread use of a functional fluid at indoor and outdoor locations (ERC 9a and ERC 9b).
(NB this value has been changed from 2.5% to 5% since the indoor soil release value for ERC 9a is irrelevant (i.e. not applicable) and not zero as assumed.)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment Chapter R.16: Environmental exposure assessment Version 3.0. Appendix A.16-1. Helsinki, Finland.
(https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdf).This value is equivalent to the waste factor for a mineral oil-based hydraulic fluid finding general use in the United Kingdom (OECD, 2004). The waste fraction of 30% represents the portion that is not reused or recycled and is collected for disposed for in a landfill. Since the conditions of use for this functional fluid provide a worst-case scenario for waste generation, the value has not been adjusted to account for other professional applications.
OECD (2004). Emission Scenario Documents on Lubricants and Lubricant Additives. No. 10, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2004)21&doclanguage=en..ESVOC 9.13b.v2ERC_9a5.05.05.030.0.ESVOC 9.13b.v2ERC_9b5.05.05.030.0ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor/Outdoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOOR_OUTDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YESEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPfalsetrueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-STANDARDWATERWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONUnused and spent products and solutions should be appropriately labelled and stored for eventual recovery or disposal as hazardous waste. A suitable unbreakable and closable container should be used when storing and shipping hazardous materials. The containers must be solvent compatible, leakproof, and free of any defects. Contamianted debris such as disposable paper towels, brushes, rollers, masks, transfer vessels, and wipes that may contain small amounts of solvent residue need to be handled as hazardous waste and properly disposed of in a manner that is consistent with local, regional, and national regulations. Direct disposal of waste into a municipal sewer system needs to conform with all applicable laws and regulations. A spill plan needs to be available that outlines the steps to be taken to minimize any potential health and environmental threats.
EPA (2001). Managing Your Hazardous Waste: A Guide for Small Businesses. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-12/documents/k01005.pdf.falsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse10.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse0.05a701fb8e-6048-4185-99d9-057194383032By default, the release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /day. The effluent discharge rate is applicable to a group of 10,000 inhabitants who generate 200 L of wastewater per person.
The removal efficiency is provided by the SimpleTreat model, which takes into consideration the biodegradability, partitioning behaviour, and volatility of an organic substance. Degradation assumes the operation of an aerobic activated-sludge reactor under steady-state conditions.
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse680131f3-a628-41aa-a158-d5143add2e5a2f9dfc77-6201-431c-8813-ff339105dc53no obligatory RMMs
Emissions to air are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
Danfoss, 2016. Technical Information: Hydraulic Fluids and Lubricants Oils, Lubricants, Grease, Jelly. Danfoss Power Solutions GmbH. Neumunster, Germany. http://files.danfoss.com/documents/520L0463.pdf.falsefalse0b001823-fe6d-4a52-a69e-497bcef2cea98ef2dae1-f09e-497d-a5e7-867cf0b2ad2aNo obligatory RMMs
Emissions to soil are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
Danfoss, 2016. Technical Information: Hydraulic Fluids and Lubricants Oils, Lubricants, Grease, Jelly. Danfoss Power Solutions GmbH. Neumunster, Germany. http://files.danfoss.com/documents/520L0463.pdf.falsefalseb6171619-e8f8-4f36-91bb-bc02ff074b3eJan. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-11T10:57:572020-04-21T11:39:35ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 8.3b.v2Coating use (professional): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered:
Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.
Inclusion of sub-SPERCs
2 ERCs -8a and 8d- covered by same sub-SPERCCovers the use in coatings (paints, inks, adhesives, etc.) including exposures during use (including materials receipt, storage, preparation and transfer from bulk and semi-bulk, application by spray, roller, brush, spreader by hand or similar methods, and film formation) and equipment cleaning, maintenance and associated laboratory activities.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falsePROFESSIONAL_WORKER_USEINDUSTRIALPC_9aSU_01.37E-6Amount of substance use per day: Supplied by registrant
Fraction of Regional tonnage used locally: 0.05% (default value) / Number of emission days per year: 365 (default)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe value was assigned using a mass balance approach that relied on air emission values provided in an Emission Scenario Document for a group of five different solvent-based coatings used in industrial, professional, or consumer applications (OECD, 2009). The air release associated with the professional use of a decorative coating was used without any further adjustment or modification.
OECD (2009). Emission Scenario Document on Coating Industry (Paints. Laquers and Varnishes). No. 22, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2009)24&doclanguage=en.The value was assigned using a mass balance approach that relied on water emission values provided in an Emission Scenario Document for a group of five different solvent-based coatings used in industrial, professional, or consumer applications (OECD, 2009). The water release associated with the consumer use of a decorative coating was used as provided without any further adjustment or modificaton.
OECD (2009). Emission Scenario Document on Coating Industry (Paints. Laquers and Varnishes). No. 22, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2009)24&doclanguage=en.The release to soil was designed to preserve the mass balance following the identification of appropriate air and water release factors. Mass partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil ensures that all emissions are accounted for in a well-reasoned and scientifically-justified manner.
OECD (2009). Emission Scenario Document on Coating Industry (Paints. Laquers and Varnishes). No. 22, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2009)24&doclanguage=en.The waste generation factor was taken from an Emission Scenario Document (ESD) for the professional application of a decorative coating (OECD, 2009). The factor represents the amount of solvent waste that remains unused in the paint can and the waste that remains on the brushes and rollers following application. An adjustment factor has not been applied to this value since the assessment is representative of use conditions associated with a wide range of professional cleaning products.
OECD (2009). Emission Scenario Document on Coating Industry (Paints. Laquers and Varnishes). No. 22, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2009)24&doclanguage=en..ESVOC 8.3b.v2ERC_8a1.0OECD Coatings ESD (OECD Series on Emission Scenario Documents, Number 22. July 2009. Emission Scenario Documents on Coating Industry (Paint, Laquers and Varishes))98.0OECD Coatings ESD (OECD Series on Emission Scenario Documents, Number 22. July 2009. Emission Scenario Documents on Coating Industry (Paint, Laquers and Varishes)).
Suggested in ESD that losses may range from 98 – 100%. Assumption is made that professional users will utilize the most efficient practices.1.0100% of substance is assumed to be released to the environment. Values derived on basis of mass conservation.2.0This will be addressed at a later stage.ESVOC 8.3b.v2ERC_8d1.0OECD Coatings ESD (OECD Series on Emission Scenario Documents, Number 22. July 2009. Emission Scenario Documents on Coating Industry (Paint, Laquers and Varishes))98.0OECD Coatings ESD (OECD Series on Emission Scenario Documents, Number 22. July 2009. Emission Scenario Documents on Coating Industry (Paint, Laquers and Varishes)).
Suggested in ESD that losses may range from 98 – 100%. Assumption is made that professional users will utilize the most efficient practices.1.0100% of substance is assumed to be released to the environment. Values derived on basis of mass conservation.2.0This will be addressed at a later stageENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor/Outdoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOOR_OUTDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YESEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPfalsetrueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-STANDARDWATERWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONUnused and spent products and solutions should be appropriately labelled and stored for eventual recovery or disposal as hazardous waste. A suitable unbreakable and closable container should be used when storing and shipping hazardous materials. The containers must be solvent compatible, leakproof, and free of any defects. Contaminated debris such as disposable paper towels, brushes, rollers, masks, transfer vessels, and wipes that may contain small amounts of solvent residue need to be handled as hazardous waste and properly disposed of in a manner that is consistent with local, regional, and national regulations. Direct disposal of waste into a municipal sewer system needs to conform with all applicable laws and regulations. A spill plan needs to be available that outlines the steps to be taken to minimize any potential health and environmental threats.
EPA (2001). Managing Your Hazardous Waste: A Guide for Small Businesses. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-12/documents/k01005.pdf.falsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTb01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse0.05RELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse10.02f9dfc77-6201-431c-8813-ff339105dc53no obligatory RMMs
Emissions to air are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
AEA, 2025. Recommendations for De-icing/Anti-icing Aeroplanes on the Ground. Association of European Airlines. Brussels, Belgium. https://skybrary.aero/bookshelf/books/2869.pdf.falsefalse0b001823-fe6d-4a52-a69e-497bcef2cea9a701fb8e-6048-4185-99d9-057194383032By default, the release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /day. The effluent discharge rate is applicable to a group of 10,000 inhabitants who generate 200 L of wastewater per person.
The removal efficiency is provided by the SimpleTreat model, which takes into consideration the biodegradability, partitioning behaviour, and volatility of an organic substance. Degradation assumes the operation of an aerobic activated-sludge reactor under steady-state conditions.
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse680131f3-a628-41aa-a158-d5143add2e5a8ef2dae1-f09e-497d-a5e7-867cf0b2ad2aNo obligatory RMMs
Emissions to soil are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
AEA, 2025. Recommendations for De-icing/Anti-icing Aeroplanes on the Ground. Association of European Airlines. Brussels, Belgium. https://skybrary.aero/bookshelf/books/2869.pdf.falsefalseb6171619-e8f8-4f36-91bb-bc02ff074b3eApr. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-30T13:24:172020-04-21T11:08:54ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 8.14b.v2De-icing applications (consumer): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered: Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.
Inclusion of sub-SPERCs:
ESVOC SPERC 8.14b.v2Covers use for ice prevention and de-icing of vehicle, aircraft and other equipment by spraying.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falseCONSUMER_USEINDUSTRIALSU_0PC_41.37E-6Amount of substance use per day: Supplied by registrant
Fraction of Regional tonnage used locally: 0.05% (default value) / Number of emission days per year: 365 (default)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The waste generation factor was taken from a life cycle assessment of a commercial antifreeze solution suitable for use in automobiles (Hunt, 1996). The stated value represents the amount of ethylene glycol waste that is generated as a result of improper disposal of a 50% ethylene glycol solution. An uncertainty factor has not been applied to this value since a portion of the waste includes the improper release to surface water and soil.
Hunt, R.G. et al. (1996). Life cycle assessment of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol antifreeze, International Congress & Exposition, SAE Technical Paper, Detroit, MI..ESVOC 8.14b.v2ERC_8d1.095.04.010.0EUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPfalsetrueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-STANDARDWATERWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONAlthough household hazardous waste (HHW) represents a small portion of the total domestic waste produced by consumers, it needs to be separated from normal trash and amassed for special handling. Many regional municipalities have established voluntary procedures for the identification, collection, and disposal of HHW in a safe and efficient manner. Once amassed, the HHW can be transported to collection sites where it is reused, recycled, or incinerated. The handling and disposal of hazardous waste needs to conform with established practices and local/regional regulations in order to minimize environmental release and the potential for ecological harm.
Inglezakis, V.J., Moustakas, K. (2015). Household hazardous waste management: A review. Journal of Environmental Management 150, 310-321. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.11.021.falsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTb01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdc0.05% (default value) (NB the value of 0.2% in the original factsheet includes the recommended adjustment factor of 4. This factor should not be used to arrive at a regional fraction and has been dropped. The proper use of the adjustment factor is noted in the background document.)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse0.05RELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse10.0ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEOutdoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_OUTDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YES2f9dfc77-6201-431c-8813-ff339105dc53no obligatory RMMs
Emissions to air are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
BCERF, 1999. Safe Use and Storage of Hazardous Household Products. Cornell University, Program on Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors. Ithaca, NY. https://extensionhealthyhomes.org/Documents/fs22.safeUse.pdf.falsefalse0b001823-fe6d-4a52-a69e-497bcef2cea98ef2dae1-f09e-497d-a5e7-867cf0b2ad2aNo obligatory RMMs
Emissions to soil are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
BCERF, 1999. Safe Use and Storage of Hazardous Household Products. Cornell University, Program on Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors. Ithaca, NY. https://extensionhealthyhomes.org/Documents/fs22.safeUse.pdf.falsefalseb6171619-e8f8-4f36-91bb-bc02ff074b3ea701fb8e-6048-4185-99d9-057194383032By default, the release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /day. The effluent discharge rate is applicable to a group of 10,000 inhabitants who generate 200 L of wastewater per person.
The removal efficiency is provided by the SimpleTreat model, which takes into consideration the biodegradability, partitioning behaviour, and volatility of an organic substance. Degradation assumes the operation of an aerobic activated-sludge reactor under steady-state conditions.
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse680131f3-a628-41aa-a158-d5143add2e5aFeb. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-11T10:11:502020-04-21T09:53:47ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 4.3a.v2Use in coatings (industrial): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered:
Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.Covers the use in coatings (paints, inks, adhesives, etc.) including exposures during use (including materials receipt, storage, preparation and transfer from bulk and semi-bulk, application by spray, roller, spreader, dip, flow, fluidized bed on production lines and film formation) and equipment cleaning, maintenance and associated laboratory activities.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falseINDUSTRIAL_USEINDUSTRIALPC_9aSU_0300Number of emission days per year: 300 (default value)
ECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfWS 1 - 10 mg/LESVOC 4.3a.b.v2ERC_41.010.00.00798.00.01.7WS 10 - 100 mg/LESVOC 4.3a.c.v2ERC_410.0100.00.0798.00.05.0WS 100 - 1000 mg/LESVOC 4.3a.d.v2ERC_4100.01000.00.798.00.05.0WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 4.3a.a.v2ERC_41.00.00298.00.05.0WS > 1000 mg/LESVOC 4.3a.e.v2ERC_41000.02.098.00.05.0RELEASE_MODULE_DAILY_USE_AT_SITEAmount of substance use per day: 50,000 kg/day
ECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsetrue50.0EUSES_DISCHARGE_RATE_OF_STPAssumed domestic sewage treatment plant flowfalsetrue2000.0EUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPBiological wastewater treatment (WWT) may involve the use of both industrial and municipal WWT facilities. The prevalence of each type of facility was assessed in a survey of WWT technologies at 81 European chemical facilities that included both large integrated facilities and smaller dedicated stand-alone sites (EC, 2016). The operations at these facilities included the production and formulation of a wide range of chemicals and solvents for use in a wide range of downstream applications. The survey results indicated that a majority (i.e. 89%) of the chemical facilities used a dedicated industrial wastewater treatment facility; a much smaller percentage utilized a municipal treatment plant capable of handling both industrial and domestic wastewater. Despite the limited reliance on municipal treatment facilities, their usage is conservatively assumed to exist as a normal operating condition during the production, formulation, and downstream use of solvents.falseESCom-9267234041trueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-SITE-SPECIFICWATERAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STPfalsetrueAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STP-NOWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONResidual raw materials and are in some cases recycled and fed back into the process reactor to improve efficiencies. In other cases, residues and by-products are used as raw materials for other downstream applications (EU, 2016). Wastewater generated during cleaning and maintenance operations is directed to a wastewater treatment plant for biological degradation. Atmospheric release of waste vapor may be ameliorated using wet scrubbers, thermal oxidizers, solid adsorbents, membrane separators, biofilters, and/or cold oxidizers for trapping residual vapours.
Solvent-containing liquid coating wastes are handled as hazardous waste and disposed of via thermal or catalytic incineration capable of efficiently converting volatile organic compounds to carbon dioxide and water. Hazardous waste handling conforms with the requirements of the Waste Framework Directive and includes procedures that minimize release during production, collection, storage, transportation, and treatment. These measures include a ban on the mixing of waste types, suitable packaging and labelling, and detailed documentation on the sources, quantities, and characteristics of the waste.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdf
EU (2008). Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives. Official Journal of the European Union 22.11.2008. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32008L0098&from=ENfalsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTb01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0RELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during use.falsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YES955c0d59-fd12-43c5-9972-837343b559fano obligatory RMMs
Optional RMMs have been assigned a nominal removal efficiency value that is not accounted for in the air release factor. See the background document for more information.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsefalse3f069f4b-3712-47a1-870f-13374c7dc0b6e2ff2b9a-aade-4cd8-a747-9c5949f3f45aOil-water separation (e.g. via oil water separators, oil skimmers, or
dissolved air flotation) is required.
The efficiency of this RMM varies dependent on the treatment technology and the properties of the substance.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsetruecc4664dc-30a1-4ddb-a292-f35102287db8Nov. 2018ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-30T14:17:482020-04-21T11:20:00ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 8.17.v2Laboratory reagents (professional): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered: Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.Covers the use of small quantities within laboratory settings, including material transfers and equipment cleaning.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falsePROFESSIONAL_WORKER_USEINDUSTRIALSU_24PC_211.37E-6Amount of substance use per day: Supplied by registrant
Fraction of Regional tonnage used locally: 0.05% (default value) / Number of emission days per year: 365 (default)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8a. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8a. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8a. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The solvent waste generated in research and analytical laboratories is generally accumulated and disposed of as hazardous waste. There has also been a recent trend toward the recovery and reuse of common laboratory solvents such as ethyl acetate, tolune, and acetonitrile (Stepnowski, P. et al., 2002; Zweckmair et al., 2017). When utilized, the solvent recovery efficiencies typically range from 50 to 95%. Since these recovery systems are not in widespread use, a substantial portion of the solvent waste from laboratories is collected for disposal in an incinerator. The waste release factor of 50% reflects the increasingly common implementation of recovery and reuse programs in many laboratories.
Stepnowski, P. et al. (2002). Total recycling of chromatographic solvents—applied management of methanol and acetonitrile waste. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 35, 163-175.
Zweckmair, T. et al. (2017). Recycling of analytical grade solvents on a lab scale with a purpose-built temperature-controlled distillation unit. Organic Process Research & Development 21, 578-584..ESVOC 8.17.v2ERC_8a50.050.00.050.0EUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPfalsetrueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-STANDARDWATERWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONUnused and spent products and solutions should be appropriately labelled and stored for eventual recovery or disposal as hazardous waste. A suitable unbreakable and closable container should be used when storing and shipping hazardous materials. The containers must be solvent compatible, leakproof, and free of any defects. Contaminated debris such as disposable paper towels, brushes, rollers, masks, transfer vessels, and wipes that may contain small amounts of solvent residue need to be handled as hazardous waste and properly disposed of in a manner that is consistent with local, regional, and national regulations. Direct disposal of waste into a municipal sewer system needs to conform with all applicable laws and regulations. A spill plan needs to be available that outlines the steps to be taken to minimize any potential health and environmental threats.
EPA (2001). Managing Your Hazardous Waste: A Guide for Small Businesses. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-12/documents/k01005.pdf.falsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse10.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse0.05ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YES2f9dfc77-6201-431c-8813-ff339105dc53no obligatory RMMs
Emissions to air are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
USEPA (2000). Environmental Management Guide for Small Laboratories. EPA 233-B-00-001, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Small Business Division. Washington, DC. https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/100049DH.PDF?Dockey=100049DH.PDFfalsefalse0b001823-fe6d-4a52-a69e-497bcef2cea9a701fb8e-6048-4185-99d9-057194383032By default, the release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /day. The effluent discharge rate is applicable to a group of 10,000 inhabitants who generate 200 L of wastewater per person.
The removal efficiency is provided by the SimpleTreat model, which takes into consideration the biodegradability, partitioning behaviour, and volatility of an organic substance. Degradation assumes the operation of an aerobic activated-sludge reactor under steady-state conditions.
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse680131f3-a628-41aa-a158-d5143add2e5a8ef2dae1-f09e-497d-a5e7-867cf0b2ad2aNo obligatory RMMs
Emissions to soil are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
USEPA (2000). Environmental Management Guide for Small Laboratories. EPA 233-B-00-001, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Small Business Division. Washington, DC. https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/100049DH.PDF?Dockey=100049DH.PDFfalsefalseb6171619-e8f8-4f36-91bb-bc02ff074b3eJan. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-31T09:32:332020-04-21T11:29:51ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 8.22c.v2Water treatment chemical use (consumer): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered: Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.Covers the use of the substance for the treatment of water at industrial facilities in open and closed systems.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falseCONSUMER_USEINDUSTRIALSU_0PC_201.37E-6Amount of substance use per day: Supplied by registrant
Fraction of Regional tonnage used locally: 0.05% (default value) / Number of emission days per year: 365 (default)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The value was derived from published information on the rate of generation rate of household hazardous waste (HHW) and the sales volume for formulated consumer products containing a volatile solvent. The production of HHW in the US was estimated to of 8.8 kg/person/yr (PSI, 2004). A survey of the sales volume for solvent-containing consumer products in California was 5944 tonnes/day and the total state population that same year was 39 million people (CARB, 2018). A ratio of the annual per capita HHW production rate with the annual per capita sales volume of volatile consumer products yielded a waste release factor of 15%. Since this value considers a large array of consumer products capable of producing a waste fraction that can vary considerably, an uncertainty factor has not been applied.
PSI (2004). Paint Product Stewardship: A Background Report for the National Dialogue on Paint Product Stewardship. Product Stewardship Institute. Lowell, MA. https://cdn.ymaws.com/productstewardship.site-ym.com/resource/resmgr/Resources_-_PS-Products/Background_Report_for_the_Na.pdf.
CARB (2018). Draft 2013, 2014, and 2015 Consumer & Commercial Product Survey Data Summaries. California Air Resources Board. Sacramento, CA. https://www.arb.ca.gov/consprod/survey/2013-2014-2015-data_release.htm..ESVOC 8.22c.v2ERC_8d99.01.00.015.0EUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPfalsetrueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-STANDARDWATERWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONAlthough household hazardous waste (HHW) represents a small portion of the total domestic waste produced by consumers, it needs to be separated from normal trash and amassed for special handling. Many regional municipalities have established voluntary procedures for the identification, collection, and disposal of HHW in a safe and efficient manner. Once amassed, the HHW can be transported to collection sites where it is reused, recycled, or incinerated. The handling and disposal of hazardous waste needs to conform with established practices and local/regional regulations in order to minimize environmental release and the potential for ecological harm.
Inglezakis, V.J., Moustakas, K. (2015). Household hazardous waste management: A review. Journal of Environmental Management 150, 310-321. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.11.021.falsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse10.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse0.05ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEOutdoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_OUTDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YES2f9dfc77-6201-431c-8813-ff339105dc53no obligatory RMMs
Emissions to air are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
BCERF, 1999. Safe Use and Storage of Hazardous Household Products. Cornell University, Program on Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors. Ithaca, NY. https://extensionhealthyhomes.org/Documents/fs22.safeUse.pdf.falsefalse0b001823-fe6d-4a52-a69e-497bcef2cea98ef2dae1-f09e-497d-a5e7-867cf0b2ad2aNo obligatory RMMs
Emissions to soil are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
BCERF, 1999. Safe Use and Storage of Hazardous Household Products. Cornell University, Program on Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors. Ithaca, NY. https://extensionhealthyhomes.org/Documents/fs22.safeUse.pdf.falsefalseb6171619-e8f8-4f36-91bb-bc02ff074b3ea701fb8e-6048-4185-99d9-057194383032By default, the release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /day. The effluent discharge rate is applicable to a group of 10,000 inhabitants who generate 200 L of wastewater per person.
The removal efficiency is provided by the SimpleTreat model, which takes into consideration the biodegradability, partitioning behaviour, and volatility of an organic substance. Degradation assumes the operation of an aerobic activated-sludge reactor under steady-state conditions.
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse680131f3-a628-41aa-a158-d5143add2e5aFeb. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-30T13:26:232020-04-21T11:05:06ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 8.14a.v2De-icing applications (professional): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered: Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.
Inclusion of sub-SPERCs:
ESVOC SPERC 8.14a.v2Covers use for ice prevention and de-icing of vehicle, aircraft and other equipment by spraying.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falsePROFESSIONAL_WORKER_USEINDUSTRIALSU_0PC_41.37E-6Amount of substance use per day: Supplied by registrant
Fraction of Regional tonnage used locally: 0.05% (default value) / Number of emission days per year: 365 (default)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The waste generation factor was taken from a life cycle assessment of a commercial antifreeze solution suitable for use in automobiles (Hunt, 1996). The stated value represents the amount of ethylene glycol waste that is generated as a result of improper disposal of a 50% ethylene glycol solution. An uncertainty factor has not been applied to this value since a portion of the waste includes the improper release to surface water and soil.
Hunt, R.G. et al. (1996). Life cycle assessment of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol antifreeze, International Congress & Exposition, SAE Technical Paper, Detroit, MI..ESVOC 8.14a.v2ERC_8d1.095.04.010.0EUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPfalsetrueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-STANDARDWATERWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONUnused and spent products and solutions should be appropriately labelled and stored for eventual recovery or disposal as hazardous waste. A suitable unbreakable and closable container should be used when storing and shipping hazardous materials. The containers must be solvent compatible, leakproof, and free of any defects. Contaminated debris such as disposable paper towels, brushes, rollers, masks, transfer vessels, and wipes that may contain small amounts of solvent residue need to be handled as hazardous waste and properly disposed of in a manner that is consistent with local, regional, and national regulations. Direct disposal of waste into a municipal sewer system needs to conform with all applicable laws and regulations. A spill plan needs to be available that outlines the steps to be taken to minimize any potential health and environmental threats.
EPA (2001). Managing Your Hazardous Waste: A Guide for Small Businesses. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-12/documents/k01005.pdf.falsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse10.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdc0.05% (default value) (NB the value of 0.2% in the original factsheet includes the recommended adjustment factor of 4. This factor should not be used to arrive at a regional fraction and has been dropped. The proper use of the adjustment factor is noted in the background document.)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse0.05ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEOutdoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_OUTDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YES2f9dfc77-6201-431c-8813-ff339105dc53no obligatory RMMs
Emissions to air are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
AEA, 2025. Recommendations for De-icing/Anti-icing Aeroplanes on the Ground. Association of European Airlines. Brussels, Belgium. https://skybrary.aero/bookshelf/books/2869.pdf.falsefalse0b001823-fe6d-4a52-a69e-497bcef2cea9a701fb8e-6048-4185-99d9-057194383032By default, the release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /day. The effluent discharge rate is applicable to a group of 10,000 inhabitants who generate 200 L of wastewater per person.
The removal efficiency is provided by the SimpleTreat model, which takes into consideration the biodegradability, partitioning behaviour, and volatility of an organic substance. Degradation assumes the operation of an aerobic activated-sludge reactor under steady-state conditions.
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse680131f3-a628-41aa-a158-d5143add2e5a8ef2dae1-f09e-497d-a5e7-867cf0b2ad2aNo obligatory RMMs
Emissions to soil are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
AEA, 2025. Recommendations for De-icing/Anti-icing Aeroplanes on the Ground. Association of European Airlines. Brussels, Belgium. https://skybrary.aero/bookshelf/books/2869.pdf.falsefalseb6171619-e8f8-4f36-91bb-bc02ff074b3eJan. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-11T12:16:472020-04-21T09:58:53ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 4.6a.v2Lubricants (industrial): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered:
Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.Covers the use of formulated lubricants in closed and open systems including transfer operations, operation of machinery/engines and similar articles, reworking on reject articles, equipment maintenance and disposal of wastes.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falseINDUSTRIAL_USEINDUSTRIALPC_24SU_17300Number of emission days per year: 300 (default value) (NB value modified)
ECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThis value has been adopted from a published source that documents the worst-case estimates of air emissions based on the expert judgement of environmental scientists from the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM).
European Commission (2003). European Commission Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment (EUTGD), Report EUR 20418 EN/2, Appendix 1, Table A3.8, Brussels, Belgium. (https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/16960216/tgdpart2_2ed_en.pdf)This value has been adopted from a published source that documents the worst-case estimates of air emissions based on the expert judgement of environmental scientists from the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM).
European Commission (2003). European Commission Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment (EUTGD), Report EUR 20418 EN/2, Appendix 1, Table A3.8, Brussels, Belgium. (https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/16960216/tgdpart2_2ed_en.pdf)This value has been adopted from a published source that documents the worst-case estimates of soil emissions based on the expert judgement of environmental scientists from the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM).
European Commission (2003). European Commission Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment (EUTGD), Report EUR 20418 EN/2, Appendix 1, Table A3.8, Brussels, Belgium. (https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/16960216/tgdpart2_2ed_en.pdf)Waste generation has been reported in a life cycle assessment of the base fluids used in the formulation of lubricants. This operation provides a reasonable surrogate for functional fluid use (Vag et al., 2002).
Vag, C. et al. (2002). A comparative life cycle assessment of the manufacture of base fluids for lubricants. Journal of Synthetic Lubrication 19,39-57.VP 1 - 10 Pa and WS 1 - 10 mg/LESVOC 4.6a.q.v2ERC_41.010.01.010.03.0E-40.050.11.0VP 1 - 10 Pa and WS 10 - 100 mg/LESVOC 4.6a.r.v2ERC_41.010.010.0100.00.0030.050.11.0VP 1 - 10 Pa and WS 100 - 1000 mg/LESVOC 4.6a.s.v2ERC_41.010.0100.01000.00.030.050.11.0VP 1 - 10 Pa and WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 4.6a.p.v2ERC_41.010.01.01.0E-40.050.10.0VP 1 - 10 Pa and WS > 1000 mg/LESVOC 4.6a.t.v2ERC_41.010.01000.00.10.050.11.0VP 10 - 100 Pa and WS 1-10 mg/LESVOC 4.6a.l.v2ERC_410.0100.01.010.03.0E-40.10.11.0VP 10 - 100 Pa and WS 10 - 100 mg/LESVOC 4.6a.m.v2ERC_410.0100.010.0100.00.0030.10.11.0VP 10 - 100 Pa and WS 100 - 1000 mg/LESVOC 4.6a.n.v2ERC_410.0100.0100.01000.00.030.10.11.0VP 10 - 100 Pa and WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 4.6a.k.v2ERC_410.0100.01.01.0E-40.10.11.0VP 10 - 100 Pa and WS > 1000 mg/LESVOC 4.6a.o.v2ERC_410.0100.01000.00.10.10.11.0VP 100 - 1000 Pa and WS 1 - 10 mg/LESVOC 4.6a.g.v2ERC_4100.01000.01.010.03.0E-40.50.11.0VP 100 - 1000 Pa and WS 10 - 100 mg/LESVOC 4.6a.h.v2ERC_4100.01000.010.0100.00.0030.50.11.0VP 100 - 1000 Pa and WS 100 - 1000 mg/LESVOC 4.6a.i.v2ERC_4100.01000.0100.01000.00.030.50.11.0VP 100 - 1000 Pa and WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 4.6a.f.v2ERC_4100.01000.01.01.0E-40.50.11.0VP 100 - 1000 Pa and WS > 1000 mg/LESVOC 4.6a.j.v2ERC_4100.01000.01000.00.10.50.11.0VP < 1 Pa and WS 1 - 10 mg/LESVOC 4.6a.v.v2ERC_41.01.010.03.0E-40.010.11.0VP < 1 Pa and WS 10 - 100 mg/LESVOC 4.6a.w.v2ERC_41.010.0100.00.0030.010.11.0VP < 1 Pa and WS 100 - 1000 mg/LESVOC 4.6a.x.v2ERC_41.0100.01000.00.030.010.11.0VP < 1 Pa and WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 4.6a.u.v2ERC_41.01.01.0E-40.010.11.0VP < 1 Pa and WS > 1000 mg/LESVOC 4.6a.y.v2ERC_41.01000.00.10.010.11.0VP > 1000 Pa and WS 1 - 10 mg/LESVOC 4.6a.b.v2ERC_41000.01.010.03.0E-41.00.11.0VP > 1000 Pa and WS 10 - 100 mg/LESVOC 4.6a.c.v2ERC_41000.010.0100.00.0031.00.11.0VP > 1000 Pa and WS 100 - 1000 mg/LESVOC 4.6a.d.v2ERC_41000.0100.01000.00.031.00.11.0VP > 1000 Pa and WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 4.6a.a.v2ERC_41000.01.01.0E-41.00.11.0VP > 1000 Pa and WS > 1000 mg/LESVOC 4.6a.e.v2ERC_41000.01000.00.11.00.11.0RELEASE_MODULE_DAILY_USE_AT_SITEAmount of substance use per day: 50,000 kg/day (NB value modified)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsetrue50.0EUSES_DISCHARGE_RATE_OF_STPAssumed domestic sewage treatment plant flowfalsetrue2000.0EUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPBiological wastewater treatment (WWT) may involve the use of both industrial and municipal WWT facilities. The prevalence of each type of facility was assessed in a survey of WWT technologies at 81 European chemical facilities that included both large integrated facilities and smaller dedicated stand-alone sites (EC, 2016). The operations at these facilities included the production and formulation of a wide range of chemicals and solvents for use in a wide range of downstream applications. The survey results indicated that a majority (i.e. 89%) of the chemical facilities used a dedicated industrial wastewater treatment facility; a much smaller percentage utilized a municipal treatment plant capable of handling both industrial and domestic wastewater. Despite the limited reliance on municipal treatment facilities, their usage is conservatively assumed to exist as a normal operating condition during the production, formulation, and downstream use of solvents.falseESCom-9267234041trueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-SITE-SPECIFICWATERAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STPfalsetrueAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STP-NOWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONResidual raw materials and are in some cases recycled and fed back into the process reactor to improve efficiencies. In other cases, residues and by-products are used as raw materials for other downstream applications (EEA, 2016). Wastewater generated during cleaning and maintenance operations is directed to a waste water treatment plant for biological degradation. Atmospheric release of waste vapour may be ameliorated using wet scrubbers, thermal oxidizers, solid adsorbents, membrane separators, biofilters, and/or cold oxidizers for trapping residual vapours. All unrecovered waste is handled as an industrial waste that can be incinerated.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YESe2ff2b9a-aade-4cd8-a747-9c5949f3f45aOil-water separation (e.g. via oil water separators, oil skimmers, or
dissolved air flotation) is required.
The efficiency of this RMM varies dependent on the treatment technology and the properties of the substance.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsetruecc4664dc-30a1-4ddb-a292-f35102287db8955c0d59-fd12-43c5-9972-837343b559fano obligatory RMMs
Optional RMMs have been assigned a nominal removal efficiency value that is not accounted for in the air release factor. See the background document for more information.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsefalse3f069f4b-3712-47a1-870f-13374c7dc0b6Nov. 2018ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-04-21T09:39:362020-04-21T09:39:36ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 2.2.v2Formulation & (re)packing of substances and mixtures (industrial): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered:
Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.Covers the formulation, packing and re-packing of the substance and its mixtures in batch or continuous operations, including storage, materials transfers, mixing, tableting, compression, pelletisation, extrusion, large and small-scale packing, sampling, maintenance and associated laboratory activities.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falseFORMULATIONINDUSTRIALPC_0SU_8300Number of emission days per year: 300 (default value)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThis value has been adopted from a published source that documents the worst-case estimates of air emissions based on the expert judgement of environmental scientists from the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM).
European Commission (2003). European Commission Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment (EUTGD), Report EUR 20418 EN/2, Appendix 1, Table A2.1, Brussels, Belgium. (https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/16960216/tgdpart2_2ed_en.pdf)The approach used to assign this value is largely qualitative in nature and takes into consideration both the physical properties of the substance and the magnitude of wastewater production at representative production sites. This release factor has been conservatively calculated using water solubility information together with a published value for the wastewater generation volume per tonne of capacity at a facility formulating industrial lubricants (OECD, 2004).
OECD (2004). Emission Scenario Documents on Lubricants and Lubricant Additives. OECD Series on Emission Scenario Documents, Number 10. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France. (http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2004)21&doclanguage=en)The value has been adopted from an authoritative literature source that documents the release factors for each environmental release category (ERC). The preceding value corresponds to the default release factor for formulation into a mixture (ERC 2).
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment Chapter R.16: Environmental exposure assessment Version 3.0. Appendix A.16-1. Helsinki, Finland.
(https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdf)The value has been adopted from an authoritative literature source that documents the release factors for hazardous wastes generated in an industrial setting (Yilmaz, 2006).
Yilmaz, O., 2006. Hazardous Waste Inventory of Turkey, Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
https://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607041/index.pdfVP 10 - 100 Pa and WS 1 - 10 mg/LESVOC 2.2.l.v2ERC_210.0100.01.010.00.0020.50.014.0VP 10 - 100 Pa and WS 10 - 100 mg/LESVOC 2.2.m.v2ERC_210.0100.010.0100.00.020.50.014.0VP 10 - 100 Pa and WS 100 - 1000 mg/LESVOC 2.2.n.v2ERC_210.0100.0100.01000.00.20.50.014.0VP 10 - 100 Pa and WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 2.2.k.v2ERC_210.0100.01.05.0E-40.50.014.0VP 10 - 100 Pa and WS > 1000 mg/LESVOC 2.2.o.v2ERC_210.0100.01000.00.50.50.014.0VP 100 - 1000 Pa and WS 1 - 10 mg/LESVOC 2.2.g.v2ERC_2100.01000.01.010.00.0021.00.014.0VP 100 - 1000 Pa and WS 10 - 100 mg/LESVOC 2.2.h.v2ERC_2100.01000.010.0100.00.021.00.014.0VP 100 - 1000 Pa and WS 100 - 1000 mg/LESVOC 2.2.i.v2ERC_2100.01000.0100.01000.00.21.00.014.0VP 100 - 1000 Pa and WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 2.2.f.v2ERC_2100.01000.01.05.0E-41.00.014.0VP 100 - 1000 Pa and WS > 1000 mg/LESVOC 2.2.j.v2ERC_2100.01000.01000.00.51.00.014.0VP < 10 Pa and WS 1 - 10 mg/LESVOC 2.2.q.v2ERC_210.01.010.00.0020.250.014.0VP < 10 Pa and WS 10 - 100 mg/LESVOC 2.2.r.v2ERC_210.010.0100.00.020.250.014.0VP < 10 Pa and WS 100 - 1000 mg/LESVOC 2.2.s.v2ERC_210.0100.01000.00.20.250.014.0VP < 10 Pa and WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 2.2.p.v2ERC_210.01.05.0E-40.250.014.0VP < 10 Pa and WS > 1000 mg/LESVOC 2.2.t.v2ERC_210.01000.00.50.250.014.0VP > 1000 Pa and WS 1 - 10 mg/LESVOC 2.2.b.v2ERC_21000.01.010.00.0022.50.014.0VP > 1000 Pa and WS 10 - 100 mg/LESVOC 2.2.c.v2ERC_21000.010.0100.00.022.50.014.0VP > 1000 Pa and WS 100 - 1000 mg/LESVOC 2.2.d.v2ERC_21000.0100.01000.00.22.50.014.0VP > 1000 Pa and WS > 1000 mg/LESVOC 2.2.e.v2ERC_21000.01000.00.52.50.014.0VP >1000 Pa; WS <1 mg/lESVOC 2.2.a.v2ERC_21000.01.05.0E-42.50.014.0RELEASE_MODULE_DAILY_USE_AT_SITEAmount of substance use per day: 100,000 kg/day
OECD (2004). Emission Scenario Documents on Lubricants and Lubricant Additives. OECD Series on Emission Scenario Documents, Number 10. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2004)21&doclanguage=enfalsetrue100.0EUSES_DISCHARGE_RATE_OF_STPfalsetrue2000.0EUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPfalsetrueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-SITE-SPECIFICWATERAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STPfalsetrueAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STP-NOWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONResidual raw materials and are in some cases recycled and fed back into the process reactor to improve efficiencies. In other cases, residues and by-products are used as raw materials for other downstream applications (EU, 2016). Wastewater generated during cleaning and maintenance operations is directed to a waste water treatment plant for biological degradation. Atmospheric release of waste vapor may be ameliorated using wet scrubbers, thermal oxidizers, solid adsorbents, membrane separators, biofilters, and/or cold oxidizers for trapping residual vapours. All unrecovered waste is handled as an industrial waste that can be incinerated or in some cases re-distilled.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEOECD (2004). Emission Scenario Documents on Lubricants and Lubricant Additives. OECD Series on Emission Scenario Documents, Number 10. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2004)21&doclanguage=enfalsefalse100.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcOECD (2004). Emission Scenario Documents on Lubricants and Lubricant Additives. OECD Series on Emission Scenario Documents, Number 10. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2004)21&doclanguage=enfalsefalse100.0ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YES955c0d59-fd12-43c5-9972-837343b559fano obligatory RMMs
Optional RMMs have been assigned a nominal removal efficiency value that is not accounted for in the air release factor. See the background document for more information.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsefalse3f069f4b-3712-47a1-870f-13374c7dc0b6e2ff2b9a-aade-4cd8-a747-9c5949f3f45aOil-water separation (e.g. via oil water separators, oil skimmers, or
dissolved air flotation) is required.
The efficiency of this RMM varies dependent on the treatment technology and the properties of the substance.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsetruecc4664dc-30a1-4ddb-a292-f35102287db8Sept. 2018ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-11T11:30:322020-04-21T09:55:46ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 4.4a.v3Use in cleaning agents (industrial): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered:
Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.
Inclusion of sub-SPERCs
YesCovers use as a component of cleaning products including transfer from storage, pouring/unloading from drums or containers. Exposures during mixing/diluting in the preparatory phase and cleaning activities (including spraying, brushing, dipping, wiping, automated and by hand), as well as related equipment cleaning and maintenance.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falseINDUSTRIAL_USEINDUSTRIALSU_0PC_3520Number of emission days per year: 20 (default value)
ECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe value has been adopted from an authoritative literature source that documents the release factors for each environmental release category (ERC). The preceding value corresponds to to the default release factor for the industrial use of a non-reactive processing aid (ERC 4).
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment Chapter R.16: Environmental exposure assessment Version 3.0. Appendix A.16-1. Helsinki, Finland.
https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThis value considers the cleaning of residual flux from printed circuit boards and the volume of wastewater generated by this process. An analysis of alternative cleaning techniques showed that the volume was greatest with aqueous cleaners, which allowed a worst-case determination of the water release factors associated with the use of industrial cleaning agents.
Savidakis, M.C., Soma, J., Sell, R., Fouts, C., 2010. Selecting cleaning processes for electronics defluxing: Total cost of ownership, IPC APEX EXPO, Las Vegas, NV.
http://www.circuitinsight.com/pdf/selecting_cleaning_processes_defluxing_ipc.pdfThe approach used to assign this value is largely qualitative in nature and takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determinations employ an informed decision-making process that is ultimately reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC, 2012. Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdfA VOC waste factor has been reported in a life cycle assessment of cleaner and degreaser use in the metal industry. The reported solid waste factor of 0.4% was judged to be representative of other industrial cleaning agents. An uncertainty factor of 10 has been applied to this value based on published estimates of the expected variability in the waste factor.
Vollebregt, H,L. and Terwoert, J. (1998). LCA of cleaning and degreasing agents in the metal industry. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 3,12-17.WS 1 - 10 mg/LESVOC 4.4a.b.v3ERC_41.010.03.0E-598.00.04.0WS 10 - 100 mg/LESVOC 4.4a.c.v3ERC_410.0100.03.0E-498.00.04.0WS 100 - 1000 mg/LESVOC 4.4a.d.v3ERC_4100.01000.00.00398.00.04.0WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 4.4a.a.v3ERC_41.01.0E-598.00.04.0WS > 1000 mg/LESVOC 4.4a.e.v3ERC_41000.00.0198.00.04.0RELEASE_MODULE_DAILY_USE_AT_SITEThe substance maximum use rate (= Msperc or 50 tonnes/day) is calculated in a typical operation (typical maximum site tonnage), based on sector knowledge. This is the maximum amount of substance that is delivered to a site in one day based on typical site capacity (e.g., two trucks, each with a volume of 25 tonnes).
300 operation days were assumed (default for industrial end uses with tonnages > 5000 tonnes/year)falsetrue5.0EUSES_DISCHARGE_RATE_OF_STPAssumed domestic sewage treatment plant flowfalsetrue2000.0EUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPBiological wastewater treatment (WWT) may involve the use of both industrial and municipal WWT facilities. The prevalence of each type of facility was assessed in a survey of WWT technologies at 81 European chemical facilities that included both large integrated facilities and smaller dedicated stand-alone sites (EC, 2016). The operations at these facilities included the production and formulation of a wide range of chemicals and solvents for use in a wide range of downstream applications. The survey results indicated that a majority (i.e. 89%) of the chemical facilities used a dedicated industrial wastewater treatment facility; a much smaller percentage utilized a municipal treatment plant capable of handling both industrial and domestic wastewater. Despite the limited reliance on municipal treatment facilities, their usage is conservatively assumed to exist as a normal operating condition during the production, formulation, and downstream use of solvents.falseESCom-9267234041trueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-SITE-SPECIFICWATERAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STPfalsetrueAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STP-NOWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONResidual raw materials and are in some cases recycled and fed back into the process reactor to improve efficiencies. In other cases, residues and by-products are used as raw materials for other downstream applications (EU, 2016). Wastewater generated during cleaning and maintenance operations is directed to a wastewater treatment plant for biological degradation. Atmospheric release of waste vapor may be ameliorated using wet scrubbers, thermal oxidizers, solid adsorbents, membrane separators, biofilters, and/or cold oxidizers for trapping residual vapours.
Solvent-containing liquid cleaning wastes are handled as hazardous waste and disposed of via thermal or catalytic incineration capable of efficiently converting volatile organic compounds to carbon dioxide and water. Hazardous waste handling conforms with the requirements of the Waste Framework Directive and includes procedures that minimize release during production, collection, storage, transportation, and treatment. These measures include a ban on the mixing of waste types, suitable packaging and labelling, and detailed documentation on the sources, quantities, and characteristics of the waste.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdf
EU (2008). Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives. Official Journal of the European Union 22.11.2008. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32008L0098&from=ENfalsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YES955c0d59-fd12-43c5-9972-837343b559fano obligatory RMMs
Emissions to air are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
BCERF, 1999. Safe Use and Storage of Hazardous Household Products. Cornell University, Program on Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors. Ithaca, NY. https://extensionhealthyhomes.org/Documents/fs22.safeUse.pdf.
AEA, 2025. Recommendations for De-icing/Anti-icing Aeroplanes on the Ground. Association of European Airlines. Brussels, Belgium. https://skybrary.aero/bookshelf/books/2869.pdf.
Madanhire, I. and Mbohwa, C. (2016). Proper Lubricants Handling. In: Mitigating Environmental Impact of Petroleum Lubricants, Springer, Basel, Switzerland, pp. 179-188.
Skerlos, S.J. (2007). Prevention of Metalworking Fluid Pollution: Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing at the Machine Tool. In: Kutz, M. (Ed.), Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, pp. 95-122.
DPI&F (2005). Agricultural Chemical Users' Maual: Guidelines and Principles for Responsible Agricultural Chemical Use. The State of Queensland, Department of Primary Industriies and Fisheries. Brisbane, Australia. https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/54738/AgChem-UsersManual.pdf.
TSSA (2018). Procedure for the Handling of Fuel at Construction Sites. Technical Standards and Safety Authority, Civil Engineerng Sector Lsabour-Management Health and Safety Committee. Toronto, Canada.
Danfoss, 2016. Technical Information: Hydraulic Fluids and Lubricants Oils, Lubricants, Grease, Jelly. Danfoss Power Solutions GmbH. Neumunster, Germany. http://files.danfoss.com/documents/520L0463.pdf.
Gray, J. (2018). Pollution from construction. Sustainable Build. Chesire, United Kingdom. http://www.sustainablebuild.co.uk/PollutionFromConstruction.html
Pillai, J. (1997). Flocculants and Coagulants: The Keys to Water and Waste Management in Aggregate Production. R-680, Nalco Company. Naprville, IL. http://www.aniq.org.mx/pqta/pdf/Flocculants%20and%20Coagulants%20NALCO%20(LIT).pdf.
Nunez, C.M., et al. (1999). Evaluation of pollution prevention options to reduce styrene emissions from fiber-reinforced plastic open molding processes. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 49, 256-267.
Skerlos, S.J. (2007). Prevention of Metalworking Fluid Pollution: Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing at the Machine Tool. In: Kutz, M. (Ed.), Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, pp. 95-122.
USEPA (1996). Evaluation of Pollution Prevention Opportunities for Mold Release Agents. EPA/600/SR-96/075, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory. Research Triangle Park, NC. https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/P1000I81.PDF?Dockey=P1000I81.PDF.
DPI&F (2005). Agricultural Chemical Users' Maual: Guidelines and Principles for Responsible Agricultural Chemical Use. The State of Queensland, Department of Primary Industriies and Fisheries. Brisbane, Australia. https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/54738/AgChem-UsersManual.pdf.
Optional RMMs have been assigned a nominal removal efficiency value that is not accounted for in the air release factor. See the background document for more information.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsefalse3f069f4b-3712-47a1-870f-13374c7dc0b6e2ff2b9a-aade-4cd8-a747-9c5949f3f45aOil-water separation (e.g. via oil water separators, oil skimmers, or
dissolved air flotation) is required.
The efficiency of this RMM varies dependent on the treatment technology and the properties of the substance.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsetruecc4664dc-30a1-4ddb-a292-f35102287db8Nov. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-12T11:02:422020-04-21T10:29:42ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 4.9.v3Use as blowing agent (industrial): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered:
Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.Use as a blowing agent for rigid and flexible foams, including material transfers, mixing and injection, curing, cutting, storage and packing.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falseINDUSTRIAL_USEINDUSTRIALPC_32SU_18300Number of emission days per year: 300 (default value)
ECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe value has been adopted from an authoritative literature source that documents the release factors for each environmental release category (ERC). The preceding value corresponds to to the default release factor for the industrial use of a non-reactive processing aid (ERC 4).
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment Chapter R.16: Environmental exposure assessment Version 3.0. Appendix A.16-1. Helsinki, Finland.
https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe approach used to assign this value examines the use of a blowing agent to produce expanded polyurethane foam. Water usage and blowing agent consumption were used to determine a wastewater generation rate that was then converted to a water release factor.
EPS Indusrry Alliance, 2016. Cradle-to-Gate Life Cycle Analysis of Expanded Polystyrene Resin. EPS Indusrry Alliance. Crofton, MD. https://www.epsindustry.org/sites/default/files/LCA%20of%20EPS%20Resin%20LCA%202017.pdfThe approach used to assign this value is largely qualitative in nature and takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determinations employ an informed decision-making process that is ultimately reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdfThe waste generation factor was taken from a life cycle assessment for the commercial production of flexible polyurethane foams using a blowing agent (Plastics Europe, 2005). The value represents the amount of incinerated solid waste associated with foam production. An uncertainty factor of has not been applied to this value because the waste factor includes a substantial quantity of hazardous waste that has not come into contact with a blowing agent.
PlasticsEurope (2005). Eco-profiles of the European Plastics Industry: Polyurethane Flexible Foam. Association of Plastics Manufacturers. Brussels, Belgium.
https://isopa.org/media/1091/flexible-foam-lci.pdf.WS 1 - 10 mg/LESVOC 4.9.b.v3ERC_41.010.00.00498.00.02.0WS 10 - 100 mg/LESVOC 4.9.c.v3ERC_410.0100.00.0498.00.02.0WS 100 - 1000 mg/LESVOC 4.9.d.v3ERC_4100.01000.00.498.00.02.0WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 4.9.a.v3ERC_41.00.00198.00.02.0WS > 1000 mg/LESVOC 4.9.e.v3ERC_41000.01.298.00.02.0RELEASE_MODULE_DAILY_USE_AT_SITEAmount of substance use per day: 50,000 kg/day
ECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsetrue50.0EUSES_DISCHARGE_RATE_OF_STPAssumed domestic sewage treatment plant flowfalsetrue2000.0EUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPBiological wastewater treatment (WWT) may involve the use of both industrial and municipal WWT facilities. The prevalence of each type of facility was assessed in a survey of WWT technologies at 81 European chemical facilities that included both large integrated facilities and smaller dedicated stand-alone sites (EC, 2016). The operations at these facilities included the production and formulation of a wide range of chemicals and solvents for use in a wide range of downstream applications. The survey results indicated that a majority (i.e. 89%) of the chemical facilities used a dedicated industrial wastewater treatment facility; a much smaller percentage utilized a municipal treatment plant capable of handling both industrial and domestic wastewater. Despite the limited reliance on municipal treatment facilities, their usage is conservatively assumed to exist as a normal operating condition during the production, formulation, and downstream use of solvents.falseESCom-9267234041trueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-SITE-SPECIFICWATERAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STPfalsetrueAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STP-NOWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONResidual raw materials and are in some cases recycled and fed back into the process reactor to improve efficiencies. In other cases, residues and by-products are used as raw materials for other downstream applications (EU, 2016). Wastewater generated during cleaning and maintenance operations is directed to a waste water treatment plant for biological degradation. Atmospheric release of waste vapour may be ameliorated using wet scrubbers, thermal oxidizers, solid adsorbents, membrane separators, biofilters, and/or cold oxidizers for trapping residual vapours.
Solvent-containing liquid cleaning wastes are handled as hazardous waste and disposed of via thermal or catalytic incineration capable of efficiently converting volatile organic compounds to carbon dioxide and water. Hazardous waste handling conforms with the requirements of the Waste Framework Directive and includes procedures that minimize release during production, collection, storage, transportation, and treatment. These measures include a ban on the mixing of waste types, suitable packaging and labelling, and detailed documentation on the sources, quantities, and characteristics of the waste.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdf
EU (2008). Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives. Official Journal of the European Union 22.11.2008. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32008L0098&from=ENfalsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YESe2ff2b9a-aade-4cd8-a747-9c5949f3f45aOil-water separation (e.g. via oil water separators, oil skimmers, or
dissolved air flotation) is required.
The efficiency of this RMM varies dependent on the treatment technology and the properties of the substance.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsetruecc4664dc-30a1-4ddb-a292-f35102287db8955c0d59-fd12-43c5-9972-837343b559fano obligatory RMMs
Optional RMMs have been assigned a nominal removal efficiency value that is not accounted for in the air release factor. See the background document for more information.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsefalse3f069f4b-3712-47a1-870f-13374c7dc0b6Nov. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-31T09:40:112020-04-21T13:39:43ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 8.22b.v2Water treatment chemical use (professional): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered: Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.Covers the use of the substance for the treatment of water at industrial facilities in open and closed systems.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falsePROFESSIONAL_WORKER_USEINDUSTRIALSU_0PC_201.37E-6Amount of substance use per day: Supplied by registrant
Fraction of Regional tonnage used locally: 0.05% (default value) / Number of emission days per year: 365 (default)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The waste generation factor was taken from a life cycle assessment for the closed-loop production of office paper from recycled paper feedstock (DEFRA, 2012). The value represents the amount of industrial waste generated during pulp and paper production at a facility in Germany. An uncertainty factor has not been applied to the cited value since the facility is representative of the operations at other facilities using water treatment chemicals.
DEFRA (2012). Streamlined LCA of Paper Supply Stream. Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs. London, United Kingsom. http://randd.defra.gov.uk/Default.aspx?Menu=Menu&Module=More&Location=None&Completed=0&ProjectID=18956..ESVOC 8.22b.v2ERC_8d99.01.00.00.1ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEOutdoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_OUTDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YESEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPfalsetrueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-STANDARDWATERWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONUnused and spent products and solutions should be appropriately labelled and stored for eventual recovery or disposal as hazardous waste. A suitable unbreakable and closable container should be used when storing and shipping hazardous materials. The containers must be solvent compatible, leakproof, and free of any defects. Contaminated debris such as disposable paper towels, brushes, rollers, masks, transfer vessels, and wipes that may contain small amounts of solvent residue need to be handled as hazardous waste and properly disposed of in a manner that is consistent with local, regional, and national regulations. Direct disposal of waste into a municipal sewer system needs to conform with all applicable laws and regulations. A spill plan needs to be available that outlines the steps to be taken to minimize any potential health and environmental threats.
EPA (2001). Managing Your Hazardous Waste: A Guide for Small Businesses. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-12/documents/k01005.pdf.falsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse10.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse0.052f9dfc77-6201-431c-8813-ff339105dc53no obligatory RMMs
Emissions to air are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
Pillai, J. (1997). Flocculants and Coagulants: The Keys to Water and Waste Management in Aggregate Production. R-680, Nalco Company. Naprville, IL. http://www.aniq.org.mx/pqta/pdf/Flocculants%20and%20Coagulants%20NALCO%20(LIT).pdf.falsefalse0b001823-fe6d-4a52-a69e-497bcef2cea9a701fb8e-6048-4185-99d9-057194383032By default, the release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /day. The effluent discharge rate is applicable to a group of 10,000 inhabitants who generate 200 L of wastewater per person.
The removal efficiency is provided by the SimpleTreat model, which takes into consideration the biodegradability, partitioning behaviour, and volatility of an organic substance. Degradation assumes the operation of an aerobic activated-sludge reactor under steady-state conditions.
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse680131f3-a628-41aa-a158-d5143add2e5a8ef2dae1-f09e-497d-a5e7-867cf0b2ad2aNo obligatory RMMs
Emissions to soil are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
Pillai, J. (1997). Flocculants and Coagulants: The Keys to Water and Waste Management in Aggregate Production. R-680, Nalco Company. Naprville, IL. http://www.aniq.org.mx/pqta/pdf/Flocculants%20and%20Coagulants%20NALCO%20(LIT).pdf.falsefalseb6171619-e8f8-4f36-91bb-bc02ff074b3eJan. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-23T14:30:532020-04-21T11:51:00ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 8.4b.v3Cleaning agents (professional): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered: Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.
Inclusion of sub-SPERCs
2 ERCs -8a and 8d- covered by same sub-SPERCCovers general exposures to consumers arising from the use of household products sold as washing and cleaning products, aerosols, coatings, de-icers, lubricants and air care products.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falsePROFESSIONAL_WORKER_USEINDUSTRIALSU_0PC_351.37E-6Amount of substance use per day: Supplied by registrant
Fraction of Regional tonnage used locally: 0.05% (default value) / Number of emission days per year: 365 (default)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe value represents an air emission limit value for dry-cleaning solvent use in Europe (EU, 1999). The stated value of 20 grams of solvent per kilogram of garments cleaned was applied as an air release factor that was representative of a broad array of professional cleaning products.
NIOSH (1997). Control of Health and Safety Hazards in Commercial Drycleaners: Chemical Exposures, Fire Hazards, and Ergonomic Risk Factors. Publication No. 97-150, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Washington, DC.
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-150/default.html
Keoleian, G.A. et al. (1997). Comparative assessment of wet and dry garment cleaning Part 1. Environmental and human health assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production 5, 279-289.The value was calculated using the estimated wastewater emissions of perchloroethylene from a dry-cleaning machine without any emission control attachments. The yearly emission rate to wastewater was normalized to the yearly mass of washed clothing to arrive at a factor expressed as the amount of solvent released to wastewater per mass of clothing that has been cleaned.
USEPA (2005). Perchloroethylene Dry Cleaners Refined Human Health Risk Characterization. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. Research Triangle Park, NC. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-06/documents/riskassessment_dry_cleaners.pdfThe value was determined using the information supplied in an analysis of the perchloroethylene emissions resulting from the use of a dry-cleaning machine without any emission control attachments. The examination did not note any appreciable release of the dry-cleaning solvent to soil.
USEPA (2005). Perchloroethylene Dry Cleaners Refined Human Health Risk Characterization. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. Research Triangle Park, NC. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-06/documents/riskassessment_dry_cleaners.pdfThe waste generation factor was taken from a life cycle assessment for the use of a solvent-containing general-purpose cleaner (Curren, 2003). The reported value represents the amount of hazardous waste that is generated when 0.7 L (3 cups) are used to clean 1000 ft2 of a hard surface. An adjustment factor has not been applied to this value since the assessment is representative of use conditions associated with a wide range of professional cleaning products.
Curran, M.A. (2003). Do bio‐based products move us toward sustainability? A look at three USEPA case studies. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 22, 277-292..ESVOC 8.4b.v3ERC_8a1.0E-44.02.0E-54.0.ESVOC 8.4b.v3ERC_8d1.0E-44.02.0E-54.0EUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPfalsetrueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-STANDARDWATERWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONUnused and spent products and solutions should be appropriately labelled and stored for eventual recovery or disposal as hazardous waste. A suitable unbreakable and closable container should be used when storing and shipping hazardous materials. The containers must be solvent compatible, leakproof, and free of any defects. Contaminated debris such as disposable paper towels, brushes, rollers, masks, transfer vessels, and wipes that may contain small amounts of solvent residue need to be handled as hazardous waste and properly disposed of in a manner that is consistent with local, regional, and national regulations. Direct disposal of waste into a municipal sewer system needs to conform with all applicable laws and regulations. A spill plan needs to be available that outlines the steps to be taken to minimize any potential health and environmental threats.
EPA (2001). Managing Your Hazardous Waste: A Guide for Small Businesses. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-12/documents/k01005.pdf.falsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse10.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse0.05ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor/Outdoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOOR_OUTDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YES2f9dfc77-6201-431c-8813-ff339105dc53no obligatory RMMs
Emissions to air are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
AEA, 2025. Recommendations for De-icing/Anti-icing Aeroplanes on the Ground. Association of European Airlines. Brussels, Belgium. https://skybrary.aero/bookshelf/books/2869.pdf.falsefalse0b001823-fe6d-4a52-a69e-497bcef2cea9a701fb8e-6048-4185-99d9-057194383032By default, the release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /day. The effluent discharge rate is applicable to a group of 10,000 inhabitants who generate 200 L of wastewater per person.
The removal efficiency is provided by the SimpleTreat model, which takes into consideration the biodegradability, partitioning behaviour, and volatility of an organic substance. Degradation assumes the operation of an aerobic activated-sludge reactor under steady-state conditions.
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse680131f3-a628-41aa-a158-d5143add2e5a8ef2dae1-f09e-497d-a5e7-867cf0b2ad2aNo obligatory RMMs
Emissions to soil are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
AEA, 2025. Recommendations for De-icing/Anti-icing Aeroplanes on the Ground. Association of European Airlines. Brussels, Belgium. https://skybrary.aero/bookshelf/books/2869.pdf.falsefalseb6171619-e8f8-4f36-91bb-bc02ff074b3eNov. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-02-19T10:52:422020-04-21T10:33:49ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 6.1a.v2Use as a chemical intermediateSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded: Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered: Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.Use of substance as an intermediate (not related to Strictly Controlled Conditions). Includes recycling/ recovery, material transfers, storage, sampling, associated laboratory activities, maintenance and loading (including marine vessel/barge, road/rail car and bulk container).https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falseINDUSTRIAL_USEINDUSTRIALPC_29PC_32SU_8300Number of emission days per year = 300 (default)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland.
https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThis value has been adopted from a published source that documents the worst-case estimates of air emissions based on the expert judgement of environmental scientists from the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM).
European Commission (2003). European Commission Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment (EUTGD), Report EUR 20418 EN/2, Appendix 1, Table A3.1, Brussels, Belgium.
(https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/16960216/tgdpart2_2ed_en.pdf)The approach used to assign this value is largely qualitative in nature and takes into consideration both the physical properties of the substance and the magnitude of wastewater production at representative production sites. This release factor has been conservatively calculated using water solubility information together with survey results of wastewater effluent volume per tonne of capacity at European oil refineries.
CONCAWE (2012). Trends in oil discharged with aqueous effluents from oil refineries in Europe. Report No. 6/12. Brussels, Belgium.
(https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/report-no-6_12.pdf)The value has been adopted from an authoritative literature source that documents the release factors for each environmental release category (ERC). The preceding value corresponds to the default release factor for use as an intermediate (ERC 6a).
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment Chapter R.16: Environmental exposure assessment Version 3.0. Appendix A.16-1. Helsinki, Finland.
(https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_n.pdf)The value has been adopted from an authoritative literature source that documents the release factors for hazardous wastes generated in an industrial setting (EC, 2017).
EC, 2017. Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Production of Large Volume Organic Chemicals. Report EUR 28882 EN, European Integrated Pollution Prevention Bureau. European Commission, Seville, Spain,
http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/LVOC/JRC109279_Lvoc_bref_2017.pdfVP 1-10 Pa; WS 1-10 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.v.v2ERC_6a1.010.01.010.00.0030.0010.15.0VP 1-10 Pa; WS 10-100 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.w.v2ERC_6a1.010.010.0100.00.030.0010.15.0VP 1-10 Pa; WS 100-1000 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.x.v2ERC_6a1.010.0100.01000.00.30.0010.15.0VP 1-10 Pa; WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.u.v2ERC_6a1.010.01.00.0010.0010.15.0VP 1-10 Pa; WS >1000 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.y.v2ERC_6a1.010.01000.01.00.0010.15.0VP 10-100 Pa; WS 1-10 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.q.v2ERC_6a10.0100.01.010.00.0030.010.15.0VP 10-100 Pa; WS 10-100 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.r.v2ERC_6a10.0100.010.0100.00.030.010.15.0VP 10-100 Pa; WS 100-1000 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.s.v2ERC_6a10.0100.0100.01000.00.30.010.15.0VP 10-100 Pa; WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.p.v2ERC_6a10.0100.01.00.0010.010.15.0VP 10-100 Pa; WS >1000 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.t.v2ERC_6a10.0100.01000.01.00.010.15.0VP 100-1000 Pa; WS 1-10 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.l.v2ERC_6a100.01000.01.010.00.0030.10.15.0VP 100-1000 Pa; WS 10-100 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.m.v2ERC_6a100.01000.010.0100.00.030.10.15.0VP 100-1000 Pa; WS 100-1000 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.n.v2ERC_6a100.01000.0100.01000.00.30.10.15.0VP 100-1000 Pa; WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.k.v2ERC_6a100.01000.01.00.0010.10.15.0VP 100-1000 Pa; WS >1000 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.o.v2ERC_6a100.01000.01000.01.00.10.15.0VP 1000-10000 Pa; WS 1-10 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.g.v2ERC_6a1000.010000.01.010.00.0031.00.15.0VP 1000-10000 Pa; WS 10-100 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.h.v2ERC_6a1000.010000.010.0100.00.031.00.15.0VP 1000-10000 Pa; WS 100-1000 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.i.v2ERC_6a1000.010000.0100.01000.00.31.00.15.0VP 1000-10000 Pa; WS <1 mg/lESVOC 6.1a.f.v2ERC_6a1000.010000.01.00.0011.00.15.0VP 1000-10000 Pa; WS >1000 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.j.v2ERC_6a1000.010000.01000.01.01.00.15.0VP <1 Pa; WS 1-10 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.aa.v2ERC_6a1.01.010.00.0030.00.15.0VP <1 Pa; WS 10-100 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.bb.v2ERC_6a1.010.0100.00.030.00.15.0VP <1 Pa; WS 100-1000 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.cc.v2ERC_6a1.0100.01001.00.30.00.15.0VP <1 Pa; WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.z.v2ERC_6a1.01.00.0010.00.15.0VP <1 Pa; WS >1000 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.dd.v2ERC_6a1.01000.01.00.00.15.0VP > 10000 Pa; WS 1-10 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.b.v2ERC_6a10000.01.010.00.0032.50.15.0VP > 10000 Pa; WS 10-100 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.c.v2ERC_6a10000.010.0100.00.032.50.15.0VP > 10000 Pa; WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.a.v2ERC_6a10000.01.00.0012.50.15.0VP > 10000 Pa; WS > 1000 mg/LESVOC 6.1a.e.v2ERC_6a10000.01000.01.02.50.15.0VP >10000 Pa; WS 100-1000 mg/lESVOC 6.1a.d.v2ERC_6a10000.0100.01000.00.32.50.15.0WASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONResidual raw materials and are in some cases recycled and fed back into the process reactor to improve efficiencies. In other cases, residues and by-products are used as raw materials for other downstream applications (EU, 2016). Wastewater generated during cleaning and maintenance operations is directed to a waste water treatment plant for biological degradation. Atmospheric release of waste vapor may be ameliorated using wet scrubbers, thermal oxidizers, solid adsorbents, membrane separators, biofilters, and/or cold oxidizers for trapping residual vapours
All unrecovered waste is handled as an industrial waste that can be incinerated or in some cases re-distilled. EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain.
http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsefalseWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPBiological wastewater treatment (WWT) may involve the use of both industrial and municipal WWT facilities. The prevalence of each type of facility was assessed in a survey of WWT technologies at 81 European chemical facilities that included both large integrated facilities and smaller dedicated stand-alone sites (EC, 2016). The operations at these facilities included the production and formulation of a wide range of chemicals and solvents for use in a wide range of downstream applications. The survey results indicated that a majority (i.e. 89%) of the chemical facilities used a dedicated industrial wastewater treatment facility; a much smaller percentage utilized a municipal treatment plant capable of handling both industrial and domestic wastewater. Despite the limited reliance on municipal treatment facilities, their usage is conservatively assumed to exist as a normal operating condition during the production, formulation, and downstream use of solvents.falseESCom-9267234041trueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-SITE-SPECIFICWATERRELEASE_MODULE_DAILY_USE_AT_SITEAmount of susbtance use per day 50,000 kg/day
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland.
https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsetrue50.0EUSES_DISCHARGE_RATE_OF_STPAssumed domestic sewage treatment plant flowfalsetrue2000.0APPLICATION_OF_THE_STPNo application of sewage sludge to soilfalsetrueAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STP-NORELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland.
https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland.
https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during use.falsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YESe2ff2b9a-aade-4cd8-a747-9c5949f3f45aOil-water separation (e.g. via oil water separators, oil skimmers, or
dissolved air flotation) is required.
The efficiency of this RMM varies dependent on the treatment technology and the properties of the substance.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsetruecc4664dc-30a1-4ddb-a292-f35102287db8955c0d59-fd12-43c5-9972-837343b559fano obligatory RMMs
Optional RMMs have been assigned a nominal removal efficiency value that is not accounted for in the air release factor. See the background document for more information.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsefalse3f069f4b-3712-47a1-870f-13374c7dc0b6Sept. 2018ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-25T12:46:562020-04-21T12:59:09ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 9.6d.v2Lubricants – low environmental release (consumer): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered: Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.
Inclusion of sub-SPERCs
2 ERCs -9a and 9b- covered by same sub-SPERCCovers the professional use of formulated lubricants in closed or contained systems including transfer operations, application, operation of engines and similar articles, reworking on reject articles, equipment maintenance and disposal of waste oil.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falseCONSUMER_USEINDUSTRIALPC_24SU_171.37E-6Amount of substance use per day: Supplied by registrant
Fraction of Regional tonnage used locally: 0.05% (default value) / Number of emission days per year: 365 (default)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe value has been adopted from an authoritative literature source that documents the release factors for each Environmental Release Category (ERC). The preceding value corresponds to the average default air release factor for the wide dispersive use of functional fluids indoors and outdoors (ERC 9a and ERC 9b).
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThis value has been adopted from a published source reporting the fractional leakage of automotive crankcase oils to water during their use in the United Kingdom.
OECD (2004). Emission Scenario Documents on Lubricants and Lubricant Additives. No. 10, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2004)21&doclanguage=en.This value has been adopted from a published source reporting the fractional leakage of automotive crankcase oils to soil during their use in the United Kingdom.
OECD (2004). Emission Scenario Documents on Lubricants and Lubricant Additives. No. 10, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2004)21&doclanguage=en.The value was derived from published information on the rate of generation rate of household hazardous waste (HHW) and the sales volume for formulated consumer products containing a volatile solvent. The production of HHW in the US was estimated to of 8.8 kg/person/yr (PSI, 2004). A survey of the sales volume for solvent-containing consumer products in California was 5944 tonnes/day and the total state population that same year was 39 million people (CARB, 2018). A ratio of the annual per capita HHW production rate with the annual per capita sales volume of volatile consumer products yielded a waste release factor of 15%. Since this value considers a large array of consumer products capable of producing a waste fraction that can vary considerably, an uncertainty factor has not been applied.
PSI (2004). Paint Product Stewardship: A Background Report for the National Dialogue on Paint Product Stewardship. Product Stewardship Institute. Lowell, MA. https://cdn.ymaws.com/productstewardship.site-ym.com/resource/resmgr/Resources_-_PS-Products/Background_Report_for_the_Na.pdf.
CARB (2018). Draft 2013, 2014, and 2015 Consumer & Commercial Product Survey Data Summaries. California Air Resources Board. Sacramento, CA. https://www.arb.ca.gov/consprod/survey/2013-2014-2015-data_release.htm..ESVOC 9.6d.v2ERC_9b1.05.01.011.0.ESVOC 9.6d.v2ERC_9a1.05.01.011.0EUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPfalsetrueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-STANDARDWATERWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONAlthough household hazardous waste (HHW) represents a small portion of the total domestic waste produced by consumers, it needs to be separated from normal trash and amassed for special handling. Many regional municipalities have established voluntary procedures for the identification, collection, and disposal of HHW in a safe and efficient manner. Once amassed, the HHW can be transported to collection sites where it is reused, recycled, or incinerated. The handling and disposal of hazardous waste needs to conform with established practices and local/regional regulations in order to minimize environmental release and the potential for ecological harm.
Inglezakis, V.J., Moustakas, K. (2015). Household hazardous waste management: A review. Journal of Environmental Management 150, 310-321. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.11.021.falsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse10.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse0.05935d8aa1-ec97-41ab-9136-a8e4716552f6Amount of substance use per day: Supplied by registrant
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor/Outdoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOOR_OUTDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YES2f9dfc77-6201-431c-8813-ff339105dc53no obligatory RMMs
Emissions to air are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
BCERF, 1999. Safe Use and Storage of Hazardous Household Products. Cornell University, Program on Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors. Ithaca, NY. https://extensionhealthyhomes.org/Documents/fs22.safeUse.pdf.falsefalse0b001823-fe6d-4a52-a69e-497bcef2cea98ef2dae1-f09e-497d-a5e7-867cf0b2ad2aNo obligatory RMMs
Emissions to soil are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
BCERF, 1999. Safe Use and Storage of Hazardous Household Products. Cornell University, Program on Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors. Ithaca, NY. https://extensionhealthyhomes.org/Documents/fs22.safeUse.pdf.falsefalseb6171619-e8f8-4f36-91bb-bc02ff074b3ea701fb8e-6048-4185-99d9-057194383032By default, the release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /day. The effluent discharge rate is applicable to a group of 10,000 inhabitants who generate 200 L of wastewater per person.
The removal efficiency is provided by the SimpleTreat model, which takes into consideration the biodegradability, partitioning behaviour, and volatility of an organic substance. Degradation assumes the operation of an aerobic activated-sludge reactor under steady-state conditions.
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse680131f3-a628-41aa-a158-d5143add2e5aFeb. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-26T14:09:212020-04-21T10:36:17ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 7.12a.v3Use as a fuel (industrial): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered: Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.Covers the use as a fuel (or fuel additive) and includes activities associated with its transfer, use, equipment maintenance and handling of waste.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falseINDUSTRIAL_USEINDUSTRIALPC_13SU_8300Number of emission days per year: 300 (default value)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe value has been adopted from an authoritative literature source that documents the release factors for each environmental release category (ERC). The preceding value corresponds to to the default air release factor for the industrial use of a functional fluid (ERC 7).
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment Chapter R.16: Environmental exposure assessment Version 3.0. Appendix A.16-1. Helsinki, Finland.
https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe factor considers the results from a life cycle assessment for heavy fuel use in a power plant. The analysis includes an examination of the release of unspecified hydrocarbons and oils to wastewater.
IEA (2017). Water Footprint of European Rooftop Photovoltaic Electricity based on Regionalised Life Cycle Inventories. Report IEA-PVPS T12-11:2017, International Energy Agency. Ursen, Switzerland.
http://www.iea-pvps.org/index.php?id=462The approach used to assign this value is largely qualitative in nature and takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determinations employ an informed decision-making process that is ultimately reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC, (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdfThe waste factor has been taken from a life cycle assessment of gasoline production and use in passenger cars (Morales, 2015). The evaluation revealed that 2.1 ml of hazardous waste was incinerated per km driven. The stated fuel mileage of 150 ml/km yields a waste release factor of 1.4%, which was rounded upward to 2%. An uncertainty factor has not been applied to this value since the waste associated with industrial fuel use is expected to less than the value obtained for this comprehensive analysis.
Morales, M. et al. (2015). Life cycle assessment of gasoline production and use in Chile. Science of the Total Environment 505, 833-843.VP < 1000ESVOC 7.12a.b.v3ERC_71000.00.0010.60.02.0VP > 1000ESVOC 7.12a.a.v3ERC_71000.00.0015.00.02.0RELEASE_MODULE_DAILY_USE_AT_SITEAmount of substance use per day: 5,000,000 kg/day
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsetrue5000.0EUSES_DISCHARGE_RATE_OF_STPAssumed domestic sewage treatment plant flowfalsetrue2000.0EUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPBiological wastewater treatment (WWT) may involve the use of both industrial and municipal WWT facilities. The prevalence of each type of facility was assessed in a survey of WWT technologies at 81 European chemical facilities that included both large integrated facilities and smaller dedicated stand-alone sites (EC, 2016). The operations at these facilities included the production and formulation of a wide range of chemicals and solvents for use in a wide range of downstream applications. The survey results indicated that a majority (i.e. 89%) of the chemical facilities used a dedicated industrial wastewater treatment facility; a much smaller percentage utilized a municipal treatment plant capable of handling both industrial and domestic wastewater. Despite the limited reliance on municipal treatment facilities, their usage is conservatively assumed to exist as a normal operating condition during the production, formulation, and downstream use of solvents.falseESCom-9267234041trueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-SITE-SPECIFICWATERAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STPfalsetrueAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STP-NOWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONResidual raw materials and are in some cases recycled and fed back into the process reactor to improve efficiencies. In other cases, residues and by-products are used as raw materials for other downstream applications (EEA, 2016). Wastewater generated during cleaning and maintenance operations is directed to a waste water treatment plant for biological degradation. Atmospheric release of waste vapour may be ameliorated using wet scrubbers, thermal oxidizers, solid adsorbents, membrane separators, biofilters, and/or cold oxidizers for trapping residual vapours. All unrecovered waste is handled as an industrial waste that can be incinerated.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdf
EEA (2016). Prevention of hazardous waste in Europe — the status in 2015 European Environment Agency, Report No. 35/2016. Copenhagen, Denmark. https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/waste-prevention-in-europe/filefalsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YESe2ff2b9a-aade-4cd8-a747-9c5949f3f45aOil-water separation (e.g. via oil water separators, oil skimmers, or
dissolved air flotation) is required.
The efficiency of this RMM varies dependent on the treatment technology and the properties of the substance.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsetruecc4664dc-30a1-4ddb-a292-f35102287db8955c0d59-fd12-43c5-9972-837343b559fano obligatory RMMs
Optional RMMs have been assigned a nominal removal efficiency value that is not accounted for in the air release factor. See the background document for more information.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsefalse3f069f4b-3712-47a1-870f-13374c7dc0b6Nov. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-12T11:38:122020-04-21T09:42:02ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 4.10a.v3Use in binders and release agents (industrial): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered:
Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.Use as binders and release agents including material transfers, mixing, application (including spraying and brushing), mould forming and casting, and handling of waste.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falseINDUSTRIAL_USEINDUSTRIALSU_0PC_24100Number of emission days per year: 100 (default value)
ECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe value has been adopted from an authoritative literature source that documents the release factors for each environmental release category (ERC). The preceding value corresponds to to the default release factor for the industrial use of a non-reactive proessing aid (ERC 4).
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment Chapter R.16: Environmental exposure assessment Version 3.0. Appendix A.16-1. Helsinki, Finland.
https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe release factor assignments consider the volume of wastewater generated when releasing agents are used to facilitate metal part separation in die csting operations. These releasing agents are typically diluted with water prior to spray application then discharged to the wastewater stream without any recovery or reuse.
NADCA, 2015. Basic Operator Training Program. North American Die Casting Association. Arlington Heights, IL https://www.diecasting.org/education/online/courses/publications/685.pdfThe approach used to assign this value is largely qualitative in nature and takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determinations employ an informed decision-making process that is ultimately reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC, 2012. Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdfThe quoted value was derived from a life cycle assessment for the commercial production of base fluids used in the formulation of lubricants (Vag et al. 2004). This operation provides a reasonable surrogate for the manufacture of a mould release or binding agent for use in the parts fabrication industry. The highest reported solid waste factor of 1.0% was judged to be representative of other binders and releasing agents. An uncertainty factor of 10 has been applied to this value based on the anticipated variability of this factor across different industry sectors.
Vag, C. et al. (2002). A comparative life cycle assessment of the manufacture of base fluids for lubricants. Journal of Synthetic Lubrication 19,39-57.WS 1 - 10 mg/LESVOC 4.10a.b.v3ERC_41.010.00.01798.00.010.0WS 10 - 100 mg/LESVOC 4.10a.c.v3ERC_410.0100.00.1798.00.010.0WS 100 - 1000 mg/LESVOC 4.10a.d.v3ERC_4100.01000.01.6798.00.010.0WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 4.10a.a.v3ERC_41.00.00598.00.010.0WS > 1000 mg/LESVOC 4.10a.e.v3ERC_41000.05.098.00.010.0RELEASE_MODULE_DAILY_USE_AT_SITEAmount of substance use per day: 25,000 kg/day
ECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsetrue25.0EUSES_DISCHARGE_RATE_OF_STPAssumed domestic sewage treatment plant flowfalsetrue2000.0EUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPBiological wastewater treatment (WWT) may involve the use of both industrial and municipal WWT facilities. The prevalence of each type of facility was assessed in a survey of WWT technologies at 81 European chemical facilities that included both large integrated facilities and smaller dedicated stand-alone sites (EC, 2016). The operations at these facilities included the production and formulation of a wide range of chemicals and solvents for use in a wide range of downstream applications. The survey results indicated that a majority (i.e. 89%) of the chemical facilities used a dedicated industrial wastewater treatment facility; a much smaller percentage utilized a municipal treatment plant capable of handling both industrial and domestic wastewater. Despite the limited reliance on municipal treatment facilities, their usage is conservatively assumed to exist as a normal operating condition during the production, formulation, and downstream use of solvents.falseESCom-9267234041trueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-SITE-SPECIFICWATERAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STPfalsetrueAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STP-NOWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONResidual raw materials and are in some cases recycled and fed back into the process reactor to improve efficiencies. In other cases, residues and by-products are used as raw materials for other downstream applications (EU, 2016). Wastewater generated during cleaning and maintenance operations is directed to a waste water treatment plant for biological degradation. Atmospheric release of waste vapour may be ameliorated using wet scrubbers, thermal oxidizers, solid adsorbents, membrane separators, biofilters, and/or cold oxidizers for trapping residual vapours.
Solvent-containing liquid cleaning wastes are handled as hazardous waste and disposed of via thermal or catalytic incineration capable of efficiently converting volatile organic compounds to carbon dioxide and water. Hazardous waste handling conforms with the requirements of the Waste Framework Directive and includes procedures that minimize release during production, collection, storage, transportation, and treatment. These measures include a ban on the mixing of waste types, suitable packaging and labelling, and detailed documentation on the sources, quantities, and characteristics of the waste.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdf
EU (2008). Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives. Official Journal of the European Union 22.11.2008. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32008L0098&from=ENfalsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YES955c0d59-fd12-43c5-9972-837343b559fano obligatory RMMs
Optional RMMs have been assigned a nominal removal efficiency value that is not accounted for in the air release factor. See the background document for more information.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsefalse3f069f4b-3712-47a1-870f-13374c7dc0b6e2ff2b9a-aade-4cd8-a747-9c5949f3f45aOil-water separation (e.g. via oil water separators, oil skimmers, or
dissolved air flotation) is required.
The efficiency of this RMM varies dependent on the treatment technology and the properties of the substance.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsetruecc4664dc-30a1-4ddb-a292-f35102287db8Nov. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-30T13:09:532020-04-21T12:51:31ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 9.13c.v2Functional fluid use (consumer): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered: Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.
Inclusion of sub-SPERCs:
2 ERCs -9a and 9b- covered by same sub-SPERCUse as functional fluids (e.g. cable oils, transfer oils, coolants, insulators, refrigerants, hydraulic fluids (in professional equipment including maintenance and related material transfers and use of similar sealed items containing functional fluids for consumers.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falseCONSUMER_USEINDUSTRIALSU_0PC_161.37E-6Amount of substance use per day: Supplied by registrant
Fraction of Regional tonnage used locally: 0.05% (default value) / Number of emission days per year: 365 (default)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe value has been adopted from an authoritative literature source that documents the default release factors for all recognized Environmental Release Categories (ERCs). The value above represents the average default release factor for the widespread use of a functional fluid at indoor and outdoor locations (ERC 9a and ERC 9b).
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment Chapter R.16: Environmental exposure assessment Version 3.0. Appendix A.16-1. Helsinki, Finland.
(https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdf).The value has been adopted from an authoritative literature source that documents the default release factors for all recognized Environmental Release Categories (ERCs). The value above represents the average default release factor for the widespread use of a functional fluid at indoor and outdoor locations (ERC 9a and ERC 9b).
(NB This value has been changed from 2.5% to 5% based on the updated water release factor for ERC 9a published in the most recent version of the guidance document.)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment Chapter R.16: Environmental exposure assessment Version 3.0. Appendix A.16-1. Helsinki, Finland.
(https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdf).The value has been adopted from an authoritative literature source that documents the default release factors for all recognized Environmental Release Categories (ERCs). The value above represents the average default release factor for the widespread use of a functional fluid at indoor and outdoor locations (ERC 9a and ERC 9b).
(NB This value has been changed from 2.5% to 5% since the indoor soil release value for ERC 9a is irrelevant (i.e. not applicable) and not zero as assumed.)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment Chapter R.16: Environmental exposure assessment Version 3.0. Appendix A.16-1. Helsinki, Finland.
(https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdf).The value was derived from published information on the rate of generation rate of household hazardous waste (HHW) and the sales volume for formulated consumer products containing a volatile solvent. The production of HHW in the US was estimated to of 8.8 kg/person/yr (PSI, 2004). A survey of the sales volume for solvent-containing consumer products in California was 5944 tonnes/day and the total state population that same year was 39 million people (CARB, 2018). A ratio of the annual per capita HHW production rate with the annual per capita sales volume of volatile consumer products yielded a waste release factor of 15%. Since this value considers a large array of consumer products capable of producing a waste fraction that can vary considerably, an uncertainty factor has not been applied.
PSI (2004). Paint Product Stewardship: A Background Report for the National Dialogue on Paint Product Stewardship. Product Stewardship Institute. Lowell, MA. https://cdn.ymaws.com/productstewardship.site-ym.com/resource/resmgr/Resources_-_PS-Products/Background_Report_for_the_Na.pdf.
CARB (2018). Draft 2013, 2014, and 2015 Consumer & Commercial Product Survey Data Summaries. California Air Resources Board. Sacramento, CA. https://www.arb.ca.gov/consprod/survey/2013-2014-2015-data_release.htm..ESVOC 9.13c.v2ERC_9a5.05.05.015.0.ESVOC 9.13c.v2ERC_9b5.05.05.015.0EUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPfalsetrueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-STANDARDWATERWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONAlthough household hazardous waste (HHW) represents a small portion of the total domestic waste produced by consumers, it needs to be separated from normal trash and amassed for special handling. Many regional municipalities have established voluntary procedures for the identification, collection, and disposal of HHW in a safe and efficient manner. Once amassed, the HHW can be transported to collection sites where it is reused, recycled, or incinerated. The handling and disposal of hazardous waste needs to conform with established practices and local/regional regulations in order to minimize environmental release and the potential for ecological harm.
Inglezakis, V.J., Moustakas, K. (2015). Household hazardous waste management: A review. Journal of Environmental Management 150, 310-321. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.11.021.falsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse10.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse0.05ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor/Outdoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOOR_OUTDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YES2f9dfc77-6201-431c-8813-ff339105dc53no obligatory RMMs
Emissions to air are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
BCERF, 1999. Safe Use and Storage of Hazardous Household Products. Cornell University, Program on Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors. Ithaca, NY. https://extensionhealthyhomes.org/Documents/fs22.safeUse.pdf.falsefalse0b001823-fe6d-4a52-a69e-497bcef2cea98ef2dae1-f09e-497d-a5e7-867cf0b2ad2aNo obligatory RMMs
Emissions to soil are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
BCERF, 1999. Safe Use and Storage of Hazardous Household Products. Cornell University, Program on Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors. Ithaca, NY. https://extensionhealthyhomes.org/Documents/fs22.safeUse.pdf.falsefalseb6171619-e8f8-4f36-91bb-bc02ff074b3ea701fb8e-6048-4185-99d9-057194383032By default, the release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /day. The effluent discharge rate is applicable to a group of 10,000 inhabitants who generate 200 L of wastewater per person.
The removal efficiency is provided by the SimpleTreat model, which takes into consideration the biodegradability, partitioning behaviour, and volatility of an organic substance. Degradation assumes the operation of an aerobic activated-sludge reactor under steady-state conditions.
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse680131f3-a628-41aa-a158-d5143add2e5aFeb. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-30T14:10:572020-04-21T11:16:50ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 8.15.v2Road and construction applications (professional): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered: Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.
Inclusion of sub-SPERCs:
2 ERCs -8d and 8f- covered by same sub-SPERCApplication of surface coatings and binders in road and construction activities, including paving uses, manual mastic and in the application of roofing and water-proofing membranes.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falsePROFESSIONAL_WORKER_USEINDUSTRIALPC_1SU_191.37E-6Amount of substance use per day: Supplied by registrant
Fraction of Regional tonnage used locally: 0.05% (default value) / Number of emission days per year: 365 (default)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The quoted value was derived from a life cycle assessment covering the residential installation of asphalt shingles on a steep-slope roof (ARMA, 2016). An uncertainty factor has not been applied to the reported waste generation factor of 2% since the value is reasonably representative of the waste expected from the wide dispersive uses of construction products.
ARMA (2016). Environmental Product Decl;aration. Asphalt Single Roofing System Installation: Fastened. Asphalt Roofing Manufacturers Association. Washington, DC. https://asphaltroofing.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/102.1_ARMA_EPD_Asphalt-Shingle_20161028.pdf..ESVOC 8.15.v2ERC_8f1.095.04.02.0.ESVOC 8.15.v2ERC_8d1.095.04.02.0EUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPfalsetrueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-STANDARDWATERWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONUnused and spent products and solutions should be appropriately labelled and stored for eventual recovery or disposal as hazardous waste. A suitable unbreakable and closable container should be used when storing and shipping hazardous materials. The containers must be solvent compatible, leakproof, and free of any defects. Contaminated debris such as disposable paper towels, brushes, rollers, masks, transfer vessels, and wipes that may contain small amounts of solvent residue need to be handled as hazardous waste and properly disposed of in a manner that is consistent with local, regional, and national regulations. Direct disposal of waste into a municipal sewer system needs to conform with all applicable laws and regulations. A spill plan needs to be available that outlines the steps to be taken to minimize any potential health and environmental threats.
EPA (2001). Managing Your Hazardous Waste: A Guide for Small Businesses. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-12/documents/k01005.pdf.falsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse10.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse0.05ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor/Outdoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOOR_OUTDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YES2f9dfc77-6201-431c-8813-ff339105dc53no obligatory RMMs
Emissions to air are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
Gray, J. (2018). Pollution from construction. Sustainable Build. Chesire, United Kingdom. http://www.sustainablebuild.co.uk/PollutionFromConstruction.htmlfalsefalse0b001823-fe6d-4a52-a69e-497bcef2cea9a701fb8e-6048-4185-99d9-057194383032By default, the release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /day. The effluent discharge rate is applicable to a group of 10,000 inhabitants who generate 200 L of wastewater per person.
The removal efficiency is provided by the SimpleTreat model, which takes into consideration the biodegradability, partitioning behaviour, and volatility of an organic substance. Degradation assumes the operation of an aerobic activated-sludge reactor under steady-state conditions.
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse680131f3-a628-41aa-a158-d5143add2e5a8ef2dae1-f09e-497d-a5e7-867cf0b2ad2aNo obligatory RMMs
Emissions to soil are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
Gray, J. (2018). Pollution from construction. Sustainable Build. Chesire, United Kingdom. http://www.sustainablebuild.co.uk/PollutionFromConstruction.html.falsefalseb6171619-e8f8-4f36-91bb-bc02ff074b3eJan. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-30T10:51:232020-04-21T11:02:42ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 8.11b.v2(Biocidal Product in) Agrochemical use (consumer): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered: Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.
Inclusion of sub-SPERCs
2 ERCs -8a and 8d- covered by same sub-SPERCCovers the consumer use in agrochemicals in both liquid and solid forms.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falseCONSUMER_USEINDUSTRIALSU_1PC_81.37E-6Amount of substance use per day: Supplied by registrant
Fraction of Regional tonnage used locally: 0.05% (default value) / Number of emission days per year: 365 (default)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Mass partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8a and 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Mass partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8a and 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Mass partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8a and 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The value was derived from published information on the rate of generation rate of household hazardous waste (HHW) and the sales volume for formulated consumer products containing a volatile solvent. The production of HHW in the US was estimated to of 8.8 kg/person/yr (PSI, 2004). A survey of the sales volume for solvent-containing consumer products in California was 5944 tonnes/day and the total state population that same year was 39 million people (CARB, 2018). A ratio of the annual per capita HHW production rate with the annual per capita sales volume of volatile consumer products yielded a waste release factor of 15%. Since this value considers a large array of consumer products capable of producing a waste fraction that can vary considerably, an uncertainty factor has not been applied.
PSI (2004). Paint Product Stewardship: A Background Report for the National Dialogue on Paint Product Stewardship. Product Stewardship Institute. Lowell, MA. https://cdn.ymaws.com/productstewardship.site-ym.com/resource/resmgr/Resources_-_PS-Products/Background_Report_for_the_Na.pdf.
CARB (2018). Draft 2013, 2014, and 2015 Consumer & Commercial Product Survey Data Summaries. California Air Resources Board. Sacramento, CA. https://www.arb.ca.gov/consprod/survey/2013-2014-2015-data_release.htm..ESVOC 8.11b.v2ERC_8a1.090.09.015.0.ESVOC 8.11b.v2ERC_8d1.090.09.015.0ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor/Outdoor UsefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOOR_OUTDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEWater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YESEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPfalsetrueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-STANDARDWATERWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONAlthough household hazardous waste (HHW) represents a small portion of the total domestic waste produced by consumers, it needs to be separated from normal trash and amassed for special handling. Many regional municipalities have established voluntary procedures for the identification, collection, and disposal of HHW in a safe and efficient manner. Once amassed, the HHW can be transported to collection sites where it is reused, recycled, or incinerated. The handling and disposal of hazardous waste needs to conform with established practices and local/regional regulations in order to minimize environmental release and the potential for ecological harm.
Inglezakis, V.J., Moustakas, K. (2015). Household hazardous waste management: A review. Journal of Environmental Management 150, 310-321. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.11.021.falsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEdefault value
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse10.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland.
https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse0.05a701fb8e-6048-4185-99d9-057194383032By default, the release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /day. The effluent discharge rate is applicable to a group of 10,000 inhabitants who generate 200 L of wastewater per person.
The removal efficiency is provided by the SimpleTreat model, which takes into consideration the biodegradability, partitioning behaviour, and volatility of an organic substance. Degradation assumes the operation of an aerobic activated-sludge reactor under steady-state conditions.
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse680131f3-a628-41aa-a158-d5143add2e5a8ef2dae1-f09e-497d-a5e7-867cf0b2ad2aNo obligatory RMMs
Emissions to soil are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
BCERF, 1999. Safe Use and Storage of Hazardous Household Products. Cornell University, Program on Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors. Ithaca, NY. https://extensionhealthyhomes.org/Documents/fs22.safeUse.pdf.falsefalseb6171619-e8f8-4f36-91bb-bc02ff074b3e2f9dfc77-6201-431c-8813-ff339105dc53no obligatory RMMs
Emissions to air are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
BCERF, 1999. Safe Use and Storage of Hazardous Household Products. Cornell University, Program on Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors. Ithaca, NY. https://extensionhealthyhomes.org/Documents/fs22.safeUse.pdf.falsefalse0b001823-fe6d-4a52-a69e-497bcef2cea9Jan. 2020ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-27T14:27:442020-04-21T09:46:25ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 4.21a.v2Polymer processing (industrial): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered: Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.Covers the processing of formulated polymers including material transfers, additives handling (e.g. pigments, stabilisers, fillers, and plasticisers), moulding, curing and forming activities, material re-works, storage and associated maintenance.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falseINDUSTRIAL_USEINDUSTRIALSU_12PC_32300Number of emission days per year: 300 (default value)
ECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThis value has been adopted from a published source that documents the worst-case estimates of air emissions based on the expert judgement of environmental scientists from the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM).
European Commission (2003). European Commission Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment (EUTGD), Report EUR 20418 EN/2, Appendix 1, Table A3.11, Brussels, Belgium. (https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/16960216/tgdpart2_2ed_en.pdf)This value has been adopted from a published source that documents the worst-case estimates of air emissions based on the expert judgement of environmental scientists from the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM).
European Commission (2003). European Commission Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment (EUTGD), Report EUR 20418 EN/2, Appendix 1, Table A3.11, Brussels, Belgium. (https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/16960216/tgdpart2_2ed_en.pdf)This value has been adopted from a published source that documents the worst-case estimates of air emissions based on the expert judgement of environmental scientists from the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM).
European Commission (2003). European Commission Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment (EUTGD), Report EUR 20418 EN/2, Appendix 1, Table A3.11, Brussels, Belgium. (https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/16960216/tgdpart2_2ed_en.pdf)The waste generation factor was taken from a life cycle assessment for the commercial production of high-density polyethylene (Plastics Europe, 2005). The stated amount of incinerated solid waste was 0.09%, which was rounded upward to 0.1% to ensure an adequate portrayal. An uncertainty factor of has not been applied to this value because the quantity of hazardous waste is not expected to appreciably vary for other polymer processing operations.
PlasticsEurope (2005). Eco-profiles of the European Plastics Industry: High Density Polyethylene (HDPE). Association of Plastics Manufacturers. Brussels, Belgium. http://www.inference.org.uk/sustainable/LCA/elcd/external_docs/hdpe_311147f2-fabd-11da-974d-0800200c9a66.pdf.VP 100 - 1000 PaESVOC 4.21a.c.v2ERC_4100.01000.00.025.00.0010.1VP 1000 - 10000 PaESVOC 4.21a.b.v2ERC_41000.010000.00.050.00.0010.1VP < 100 PaESVOC 4.21a.d.v2ERC_4100.00.010.00.0010.1VP > 10000 PaESVOC 4.21a.a.v2ERC_410000.00.075.00.0010.1RELEASE_MODULE_DAILY_USE_AT_SITEAmount of substance use per day: 50,000 kg/day
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsetrue50.0EUSES_DISCHARGE_RATE_OF_STPAssumed domestic sewage treatment plant flowfalsetrue2000.0EUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPBiological wastewater treatment (WWT) may involve the use of both industrial and municipal WWT facilities. The prevalence of each type of facility was assessed in a survey of WWT technologies at 81 European chemical facilities that included both large integrated facilities and smaller dedicated stand-alone sites (EC, 2016). The operations at these facilities included the production and formulation of a wide range of chemicals and solvents for use in a wide range of downstream applications. The survey results indicated that a majority (i.e. 89%) of the chemical facilities used a dedicated industrial wastewater treatment facility; a much smaller percentage utilized a municipal treatment plant capable of handling both industrial and domestic wastewater. Despite the limited reliance on municipal treatment facilities, their usage is conservatively assumed to exist as a normal operating condition during the production, formulation, and downstream use of solvents.falseESCom-9267234041trueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-SITE-SPECIFICWATERAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STPfalsetrueAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STP-NOWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONResidual raw materials and are in some cases recycled and fed back into the process reactor to improve efficiencies. In other cases, residues and by-products are used as raw materials for other downstream applications (EEA, 2016). Wastewater generated during cleaning and maintenance operations is directed to a waste water treatment plant for biological degradation. Atmospheric release of waste vapour may be ameliorated using wet scuubbers, thermal oxidizers, solid adsorbents, membrane separators, biofilters, and/or cold oxidizers for trapping residual vapours. All unrecovered waste is handled as an industrial waste that can be incinerated.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdf
EEA (2016). Prevention of hazardous waste in Europe — the status in 2015 European Environment Agency, Report No. 35/2016. Copenhagen, Denmark. https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/waste-prevention-in-europe/filefalsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YES955c0d59-fd12-43c5-9972-837343b559fano obligatory RMMs
Optional RMMs have been assigned a nominal removal efficiency value that is not accounted for in the air release factor. See the background document for more information.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsefalse3f069f4b-3712-47a1-870f-13374c7dc0b6e2ff2b9a-aade-4cd8-a747-9c5949f3f45aOil-water separation (e.g. via oil water separators, oil skimmers, or
dissolved air flotation) is required.
The efficiency of this RMM varies dependent on the treatment technology and the properties of the substance.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsetruecc4664dc-30a1-4ddb-a292-f35102287db8Nov. 2018ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-30T11:10:402020-04-21T13:02:15ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 9.12c.v3Use as a fuel (consumer): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered: Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.
Inclusion of sub-SPERCs
Yes (2 ERCs -9a and 9b- covered by same sub-SPERC)Covers the use as a fuel (or fuel additive) and includes activities associated with its transfer, use, equipment maintenance and handling of waste and consumer uses in liquid fuels.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falseCONSUMER_USEINDUSTRIALPC_13SU_81.37E-6Amount of substance use per day: Supplied by registrant
Fraction of Regional tonnage used locally: 0.05% (default value) / Number of emission days per year: 365 (default)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe value has been derived from a published emission factor for the evaporative and exhaust-related release of gasoline hydrocarbons from passenger vehicles. Emissions reported in grams per mile were converted to grams per gram of fuel combusted by adjusting for the average fuel efficiency in an applicable fleet of vehicles.
ANL (2013). Updated Emission Factors of Air Pollutants from Vehicle Operations in GREET Using MOVES. Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne, IL.
https://greet.es.anl.gov/publication-vehicles-13
NimbleFins (2019). Average MPG of Cars 2019. NimbleFins Limited. London, United Kingdom. 24 July, 2019. https://www.nimblefins.co.uk/average-mpgThe water and soil release factors examined the fuel spillages at service stations using conventional dispensing equipment with no vapor recovery capabilities. The lost fuel was distributed to water and soil after adjusting for the amount available for evaporation. Partitioning to the remaining evironmental compartments was estimated using a multimedia fugacity model.
Morgester, J.J., et al. (1992). Comparison of spill frequencies and amounts at vapor recovery and conventional service stations in California. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 42, 284-289.
Hilpert, M., and Breysse, P.N. (2014). Infiltration and evaporation of small hydrocarbon spills at gas stations. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 170, 39-52.The water and soil release factors examined the fuel spillages at service stations using conventional dispensing equipment with no vapor recovery capabilities. The lost fuel was distributed to water and soil after adjusting for the amount available for evaporation. Partitioning to the remaining evironmental compartments was estimated using a multimedia fugacity model.
Morgester, J.J., et al. (1992). Comparison of spill frequencies and amounts at vapor recovery and conventional service stations in California. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 42, 284-289.
Hilpert, M., and Breysse, P.N. (2014). Infiltration and evaporation of small hydrocarbon spills at gas stations. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 170, 39-52.The waste factor has been taken from a life cycle assessment of gasoline production and use in passenger cars (Morales, 2015). The evaluation revealed that 2.1 ml of hazardous waste was incinerated per km driven. The stated fuel mileage of 150 ml/km yields a waste release factor of 1.4%, which was rounded upward to 2%. An uncertainty factor has not been applied to this value since the waste associated with industrial fuel use is expected to less than the value obtained for this comprehensive analysis.
Morales, M. et al. (2015). Life cycle assessment of gasoline production and use in Chile. Science of the Total Environment 505, 833-843.VP 500 - 5000 PaESVOC 9.12c.b.v3ERC_9b500.05000.02.0E-50.20.0052.0VP 500 - 5000 PaESVOC 9.12c.b.v3ERC_9a500.05000.02.0E-50.20.0052.0VP < 500 PaESVOC 9.12c.c.v3ERC_9a500.02.0E-50.010.0052.0VP < 500 PaESVOC 9.12c.c.v3ERC_9b500.02.0E-50.010.0052.0VP > 5000 PaESVOC 9.12c.a.v3ERC_9a5000.02.0E-50.40.0052.0VP > 5000 PaESVOC 9.12c.a.v3ERC_9b5000.02.0E-50.40.0052.0EUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPfalsetrueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-STANDARDWATERWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONAlthough household hazardous waste (HHW) represents a small portion of the total domestic waste produced by consumers, it needs to be separated from normal trash and amassed for special handling. Many regional municipalities have established voluntary procedures for the identification, collection, and disposal of HHW in a safe and efficient manner. Once amassed, the HHW can be transported to collection sites where it is reused, recycled, or incinerated. The handling and disposal of hazardous waste needs to conform with established practices and local/regional regulations in order to minimize environmental release and the potential for ecological harm.
Inglezakis, V.J., Moustakas, K. (2015). Household hazardous waste management: A review. Journal of Environmental Management 150, 310-321. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.11.021.falsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse10.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse0.05ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor/Outdoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOOR_OUTDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YES2f9dfc77-6201-431c-8813-ff339105dc53no obligatory RMMs
Emissions to air are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
TSSA (2018). Procedure for the Handling of Fuel at Construction Sites. Technical Standards and Safety Authority, Civil Engineerng Sector Lsabour-Management Health and Safety Committee. Toronto, Canada.falsefalse0b001823-fe6d-4a52-a69e-497bcef2cea98ef2dae1-f09e-497d-a5e7-867cf0b2ad2aNo obligatory RMMs
Emissions to soil are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
TSSA (2018). Procedure for the Handling of Fuel at Construction Sites. Technical Standards and Safety Authority, Civil Engineerng Sector Lsabour-Management Health and Safety Committee. Toronto, Canada.falsefalseb6171619-e8f8-4f36-91bb-bc02ff074b3ea701fb8e-6048-4185-99d9-057194383032By default, the release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /day. The effluent discharge rate is applicable to a group of 10,000 inhabitants who generate 200 L of wastewater per person.
The removal efficiency is provided by the SimpleTreat model, which takes into consideration the biodegradability, partitioning behaviour, and volatility of an organic substance. Degradation assumes the operation of an aerobic activated-sludge reactor under steady-state conditions.
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse680131f3-a628-41aa-a158-d5143add2e5aNov. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-25T11:36:052020-04-21T12:02:18ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 8.6e.v2Lubricants – high environmental release (consumer): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered: Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.
Inclusion of sub-SPERCs
Yes (2 ERCs -8a and 8d- covered by same sub-SPERC)Covers the use of formulated lubricants in open systems including transfer operations, application, operation of engines and similar articles, reworking on reject articles, equipment maintenance and disposal of waste oil.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falseCONSUMER_USEINDUSTRIALPC_24SU_171.37E-6Amount of substance use per day: Supplied by registrant
Fraction of Regional tonnage used locally: 0.05% (default value) / Number of emission days per year: 365 (default)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThis value has been adopted from a published source that documents the worst-case estimates of air emissions based on the expert judgement of environmental scientists from the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM).
European Commission (2003). European Commission Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment (EUTGD), Report EUR 20418 EN/2, Appendix 1, Table A4.2, Brussels, Belgium. (https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/16960216/tgdpart2_2ed_en.pdf)This value has been adopted from a published source reporting the fractional leakage of automotive crankcase oils to water during their use in the United Kingdom. An adjustment factor of 5 has been applied to the reported value of 1% to account for the higher environmental release that would be expected to occur with some poorly-managed products.
OECD (2004). Emission Scenario Documents on Lubricants and Lubricant Additives. No. 10, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2004)21&doclanguage=en.This value has been adopted from a published source reporting the fractional leakage of automotive crankcase oils to soil during their use in the United Kingdom. An adjustment factor of 5 has been applied to the reported value of 1% to account for the higher environmental release that would be expected to occur with some poorly-managed products.
OECD (2004). Emission Scenario Documents on Lubricants and Lubricant Additives. No. 10, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2004)21&doclanguage=en.The waste generation factor was taken from a life cycle assessment of the lubricating oil used in the transportation sector (Vold, 1995). The value represents the amount of waste oil that is not collected for recycling or used as a fuel following use in Norway.
Vold, M. et al. (1995). Burning or Re-refining Used Lube Oil? Life Cycle Assessments of the Environmental Impacts. Report No. OR 52.95, Ostfold Research Foundation. Fredrikstad, Norway. https://www.ostfoldforskning.no/media/1495/5295.pdf.VP 10 - 100 PaESVOC 8.6e.d.v2ERC_8d10.0100.05.01.55.035.0VP 10 - 100 PaESVOC 8.6e.d.v2ERC_8a10.0100.05.01.55.035.0VP 100 - 1000 PaESVOC 8.6e.c.v2ERC_8a100.01000.05.015.05.035.0VP 100 - 1000 PaESVOC 8.6e.c.v2ERC_8d100.01000.05.015.05.035.0VP 1000-10000 PaESVOC 8.6e.b.v2ERC_8a1000.010000.05.040.05.035.0VP 1000-10000 PaESVOC 8.6e.b.v2ERC_8d1000.010000.05.040.05.035.0VP < 10 PaESVOC 8.6e.e.v2ERC_8a10.05.00.55.035.0VP < 10 PaESVOC 8.6e.e.v2ERC_8d10.05.00.55.035.0VP > 10000 PaESVOC 8.6e.a.v2ERC_8d10000.05.060.05.035.0VP > 10000 PaESVOC 8.6e.a.v2ERC_8a10000.05.060.05.035.0EUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPfalsetrueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-STANDARDWATERWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONAlthough household hazardous waste (HHW) represents a small portion of the total domestic waste produced by consumers, it needs to be separated from normal trash and amassed for special handling. Many regional municipalities have established voluntary procedures for the identification, collection, and disposal of HHW in a safe and efficient manner. Once amassed, the HHW can be transported to collection sites where it is reused, recycled, or incinerated. The handling and disposal of hazardous waste needs to conform with established practices and local/regional regulations in order to minimize environmental release and the potential for ecological harm.
Inglezakis, V.J., Moustakas, K. (2015). Household hazardous waste management: A review. Journal of Environmental Management 150, 310-321. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.11.021.falsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse10.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse0.05ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor/Outdoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOOR_OUTDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YES935d8aa1-ec97-41ab-9136-a8e4716552f6Amount of substance use per day: Supplied by registrant
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsetrue2f9dfc77-6201-431c-8813-ff339105dc53no obligatory RMMs
Emissions to air are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
BCERF, 1999. Safe Use and Storage of Hazardous Household Products. Cornell University, Program on Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors. Ithaca, NY. https://extensionhealthyhomes.org/Documents/fs22.safeUse.pdf.falsefalse0b001823-fe6d-4a52-a69e-497bcef2cea98ef2dae1-f09e-497d-a5e7-867cf0b2ad2aNo obligatory RMMs
Emissions to soil are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
BCERF, 1999. Safe Use and Storage of Hazardous Household Products. Cornell University, Program on Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors. Ithaca, NY. https://extensionhealthyhomes.org/Documents/fs22.safeUse.pdf.falsefalseb6171619-e8f8-4f36-91bb-bc02ff074b3ea701fb8e-6048-4185-99d9-057194383032By default, the release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /day. The effluent discharge rate is applicable to a group of 10,000 inhabitants who generate 200 L of wastewater per person.
The removal efficiency is provided by the SimpleTreat model, which takes into consideration the biodegradability, partitioning behaviour, and volatility of an organic substance. Degradation assumes the operation of an aerobic activated-sludge reactor under steady-state conditions.
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse680131f3-a628-41aa-a158-d5143add2e5aFeb. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-23T14:45:422020-04-21T13:39:01ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 8.6c.v2Lubricants – high environmental release (professional): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered: Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.
Inclusion of sub-SPERCs
Yes (2 ERCs -8a and 8d- covered by same sub-SPERC)Covers the use of formulated lubricants in open systems including transfer operations, application, operation of engines and similar articles, reworking on reject articles, equipment maintenance and disposal of waste oil.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falsePROFESSIONAL_WORKER_USEINDUSTRIALPC_24SU_171.37E-6Amount of substance use per day: Supplied by registrant
Fraction of Regional tonnage used locally: 0.05% (default value) / Number of emission days per year: 365 (default)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThis value has been adopted from a published source that documents the worst-case estimates of air emissions based on the expert judgement of environmental scientists from the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM).
European Commission (2003). European Commission Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment (EUTGD), Report EUR 20418 EN/2, Appendix 1, Table A4.2, Brussels, Belgium. (https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/16960216/tgdpart2_2ed_en.pdf)This value has been adopted from a published source reporting the fractional leakage of automotive crankcase oils to water during their use in the United Kingdom. An adjustment factor of 5 has been applied to the reported value of 1% to account for the higher environmental release that would be expected to occur with some poorly-managed products.
OECD (2004). Emission Scenario Documents on Lubricants and Lubricant Additives. No. 10, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2004)21&doclanguage=en.This value has been adopted from a published source reporting the fractional leakage of automotive crankcase oils to soil during their use in the United Kingdom. An adjustment factor of 5 has been applied to the reported value of 1% to account for the higher environmental release that would be expected to occur with some poorly-managed products.
OECD (2004). Emission Scenario Documents on Lubricants and Lubricant Additives. No. 10, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2004)21&doclanguage=en.The waste generation factor was taken from a life cycle assessment of the lubricating oil used in the transportation sector (Vold, 1995). The value represents the amount of waste oil that is not collected for recycling or used as a fuel following use in Norway.
Vold, M. et al. (1995). Burning or Re-refining Used Lube Oil? Life Cycle Assessments of the Environmental Impacts. Report No. OR 52.95, Ostfold Research Foundation. Fredrikstad, Norway. https://www.ostfoldforskning.no/media/1495/5295.pdf.VP 10 - 100 PaESVOC 8.6c.d.v2ERC_8a10.0100.05.01.55.035.0VP 10 - 100 PaESVOC 8.6c.d.v2ERC_8d10.0100.05.01.55.035.0VP 100 - 1000 PaESVOC 8.6c.c.v2ERC_8a100.01000.05.015.05.035.0VP 100 - 1000 PaESVOC 8.6c.c.v2ERC_8d100.01000.05.015.05.035.0VP 1000 - 10000 PaESVOC 8.6c.b.v2ERC_8a1000.010000.05.040.05.035.0VP 1000 - 10000 PaESVOC 8.6c.b.v2ERC_8d1000.010000.05.040.05.035.0VP < 10 PaESVOC 8.6c.e.v2ERC_8a10.05.00.55.035.0VP < 10 PaESVOC 8.6c.e.v2ERC_8d10.05.00.55.035.0VP > 10000 PaESVOC 8.6c.a.v2ERC_8a10000.05.060.05.035.0VP > 10000 PaESVOC 8.6c.a.v2ERC_8d10000.05.060.05.035.0ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor/Outdoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOOR_OUTDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during use.falsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YESEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPfalsetrueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-STANDARDWATERWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONUnused and spent products and solutions should be appropriately labelled and stored for eventual recovery or disposal as hazardous waste. A suitable unbreakable and closable container should be used when storing and shipping hazardous materials. The containers must be solvent compatible, leakproof, and free of any defects. Contaminated debris such as disposable paper towels, brushes, rollers, masks, transfer vessels, and wipes that may contain small amounts of solvent residue need to be handled as hazardous waste and properly disposed of in a manner that is consistent with local, regional, and national regulations. Direct disposal of waste into a municipal sewer system needs to conform with all applicable laws and regulations. A spill plan needs to be available that outlines the steps to be taken to minimize any potential health and environmental threats.
EPA (2001). Managing Your Hazardous Waste: A Guide for Small Businesses. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-12/documents/k01005.pdf.falsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTb01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse0.05RELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse10.02f9dfc77-6201-431c-8813-ff339105dc53no obligatory RMMs
Emissions to air are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
Madanhire, I. and Mbohwa, C. (2016). Proper Lubricants Handling. In: Mitigating Environmental Impact of Petroleum Lubricants, Springer, Basel, Switzerland, pp. 179-188.falsefalse0b001823-fe6d-4a52-a69e-497bcef2cea9a701fb8e-6048-4185-99d9-057194383032By default, the release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /day. The effluent discharge rate is applicable to a group of 10,000 inhabitants who generate 200 L of wastewater per person.
The removal efficiency is provided by the SimpleTreat model, which takes into consideration the biodegradability, partitioning behaviour, and volatility of an organic substance. Degradation assumes the operation of an aerobic activated-sludge reactor under steady-state conditions.
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse680131f3-a628-41aa-a158-d5143add2e5a8ef2dae1-f09e-497d-a5e7-867cf0b2ad2aNo obligatory RMMs
Emissions to soil are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
Madanhire, I. and Mbohwa, C. (2016). Proper Lubricants Handling. In: Mitigating Environmental Impact of Petroleum Lubricants, Springer, Basel, Switzerland, pp. 179-188.falsefalseb6171619-e8f8-4f36-91bb-bc02ff074b3eJan. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-26T14:42:112020-04-21T10:39:39ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 7.13a.v2Functional fluids (industrial): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered: Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.Use in functional fluids such as cable oils, transfer oils, coolants, insulators, refrigerants, hydraulic fluids in industrial equipment including maintenance and related material transfers.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falseINDUSTRIAL_USEINDUSTRIALSU_0PC_1620Number of emission days per year: 20 (default value)
ECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThis value has been adopted from a published source that documents the worst-case estimates of air emissions based on the expert judgement of environmental scientists from the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM).
European Commission (2003). European Commission Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment (EUTGD), Report EUR 20418 EN/2, Appendix 1, Table A3.8, Brussels, Belgium. (https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/16960216/tgdpart2_2ed_en.pdf)The approach used to assign this value is largely qualitative in nature and takes into consideration both the physical properties of the substance and the magnitude of wastewater production at representative production sites. This release factor has been conservatively calculated using water solubility information together with a published value for the wastewater generation volume per tonne of capacity at a facility formulating industrial lubricants (OECD, 2004).
OECD (2004). Emission Scenario Documents on Lubricants and Lubricant Additives. OECD Series on Emission Scenario Documents, Number 10. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France. (http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2004)21&doclanguage=en)This value has been adopted from a published source that documents the worst-case estimates of soil emissions based on the expert judgement of environmental scientists from the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM).
European Commission (2003). European Commission Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment (EUTGD), Report EUR 20418 EN/2, Appendix 1, Table A3.8, Brussels, Belgium. (https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/16960216/tgdpart2_2ed_en.pdf)Waste generation has been reported in a life cycle assessment of the base fluids used in the formulation of lubricants. This operation provides a reasonable surrogate for functional fluid use (Vag et al., 2002).
Vag, C. et al. (2002). A comparative life cycle assessment of the manufacture of base fluids for lubricants. J. Synth. Lubr. 19,39-57.VP 1 - 10 Pa and WS 1 - 10 mg/LESVOC 7.13a.q.v2ERC_71.010.01.010.03.0E-40.050.11.0VP 1 - 10 Pa and WS 10 - 100 mg/LESVOC 7.13a.r.v2ERC_71.010.010.0100.00.0030.050.11.0VP 1 - 10 Pa and WS 100 - 1000 mg/LESVOC 7.13a.s.v2ERC_71.010.0100.01000.00.030.050.11.0VP 1 - 10 Pa and WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 7.13a.p.v2ERC_71.010.01.01.0E-40.050.11.0VP 1 - 10 Pa and WS > 1000 mg/LESVOC 7.13a.t.v2ERC_71.010.01000.00.10.050.11.0VP 10 - 100 Pa and WS 1 - 10 mg/LESVOC 7.13a.l.v2ERC_710.0100.01.010.03.0E-40.10.11.0VP 10 - 100 Pa and WS 10 - 100 mg/LESVOC 7.13a.m.v2ERC_710.0100.010.0100.00.0030.10.11.0VP 10 - 100 Pa and WS 100 - 1000 mg/LESVOC 7.13a.n.v2ERC_710.0100.0100.01000.00.030.10.11.0VP 10 - 100 Pa and WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 7.13a.k.v2ERC_710.0100.01.01.0E-40.10.11.0VP 10 - 100 Pa and WS > 1000 mg/LESVOC 7.13a.o.v2ERC_710.0100.01000.00.10.10.11.0VP 100 - 1000 Pa and WS 1 - 10 mg/LESVOC 7.13a.g.v2ERC_7100.01000.01.010.03.0E-40.50.11.0VP 100 - 1000 Pa and WS 10 - 100 mg/LESVOC 7.13a.h.v2ERC_7100.01000.010.0100.00.0030.50.11.0VP 100 - 1000 Pa and WS 100 - 1000 mg/LESVOC 7.13a.i.v2ERC_7100.01000.0100.01000.00.030.50.11.0VP 100 - 1000 Pa and WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 7.13a.f.v2ERC_7100.01000.01.01.0E-40.50.11.0VP 100 - 1000 Pa and WS > 1000 mg/LESVOC 7.13a.j.v2ERC_7100.01000.01000.00.10.50.11.0VP < 1 Pa and WS 1 - 10 mg/LESVOC 7.13a.v.v2ERC_71.01.010.03.0E-40.010.11.0VP < 1 Pa and WS 10 - 100 mg/LESVOC 7.13a.w.v2ERC_71.010.0100.00.0030.010.11.0VP < 1 Pa and WS 100 - 1000 mg/LESVOC 7.13a.x.v2ERC_71.0100.01000.00.030.010.11.0VP < 1 Pa and WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 7.13a.u.v2ERC_71.01.01.0E-40.010.11.0VP < 1 Pa and WS > 1000 mg/LESVOC 7.13a.y.v2ERC_71.01000.00.10.010.11.0VP > 1000 Pa and WS 1 - 10 mg/LESVOC 7.13a.b.v2ERC_71000.01.010.03.0E-41.00.11.0VP > 1000 Pa and WS 10 - 100 mg/LESVOC 7.13a.c.v2ERC_71000.010.0100.00.0031.00.11.0VP > 1000 Pa and WS 100 - 1000 mg/LESVOC 7.13a.d.v2ERC_71000.0100.01000.00.031.00.11.0VP > 1000 Pa and WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 7.13a.a.v2ERC_71000.01.01.0E-41.00.11.0VP > 1000 Pa and WS > 1000 mg/LESVOC 7.13a.e.v2ERC_71000.01000.00.11.00.11.0RELEASE_MODULE_DAILY_USE_AT_SITEAmount of substance use per day: 500 kg/day
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsetrue0.5EUSES_DISCHARGE_RATE_OF_STPAssumed domestic sewage treatment plant flowfalsetrue2000.0EUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPBiological wastewater treatment (WWT) may involve the use of both industrial and municipal WWT facilities. The prevalence of each type of facility was assessed in a survey of WWT technologies at 81 European chemical facilities that included both large integrated facilities and smaller dedicated stand-alone sites (EC, 2016). The operations at these facilities included the production and formulation of a wide range of chemicals and solvents for use in a wide range of downstream applications. The survey results indicated that a majority (i.e. 89%) of the chemical facilities used a dedicated industrial wastewater treatment facility; a much smaller percentage utilized a municipal treatment plant capable of handling both industrial and domestic wastewater. Despite the limited reliance on municipal treatment facilities, their usage is conservatively assumed to exist as a normal operating condition during the production, formulation, and downstream use of solvents.falseESCom-9267234041trueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-SITE-SPECIFICWATERAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STPfalsetrueAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STP-NOWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONResidual raw materials and are in some cases recycled and fed back into the process reactor to improve efficiencies. In other cases, residues and by-products are used as raw materials for other downstream applications (EEA, 2016). Wastewater generated during cleaning and maintenance operations is directed to a waste water treatment plant for biological degradation. Atmospheric release of waste vapour may be ameliorated using wet scrubbers, thermal oxidizers, solid adsorbents, membrane separators, biofilters, and/or cold oxidizers for trapping residual vapours. All unrecovered waste is handled as an industrial waste that can be incinerated.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdf
EEA (2016). Prevention of hazardous waste in Europe — the status in 2015 European Environment Agency, Report No. 35/2016. Copenhagen, Denmark. https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/waste-prevention-in-europe/filefalsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YES955c0d59-fd12-43c5-9972-837343b559fano obligatory RMMs
Optional RMMs have been assigned a nominal removal efficiency value that is not accounted for in the air release factor. See the background document for more information.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsefalse3f069f4b-3712-47a1-870f-13374c7dc0b6e2ff2b9a-aade-4cd8-a747-9c5949f3f45aOil-water separation (e.g. via oil water separators, oil skimmers, or
dissolved air flotation) is required.
The efficiency of this RMM varies dependent on the treatment technology and the properties of the substance.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsetruecc4664dc-30a1-4ddb-a292-f35102287db8Nov. 2018ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-27T14:05:332020-04-21T09:23:05ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 3.22a.v3Water treatment chemicals (industrial): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered: Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.Covers the use of the substance for the treatment of water at industrial facilities in open and closed systems.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falseINDUSTRIAL_USEINDUSTRIALSU_0PC_20300Number of emission days per year: 300 (professional judgement)
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdfThe factor was determined using ithe SimpleTreat model to determine the release to air and water for a representative non-biodegradible chemical used as a flocculant in a wastewater treament plant. The model simulation considered the distribution oft he chemical to air, water, and sludge
RIVM (2015). Application of SimpleTreat 4.0 in European Substance Regulations. Bilthoven, The Netherlands. https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/378/publikationen/texte_13_2015_application_of_simple_treat_4.0.pdfThe factor was determined using ithe SimpleTreat model to determine the release to air and water for a representative non-biodegradible chemical used as a flocculant in a wastewater treament plant. The model simulation considered the distribution oft he chemical to air, water, and sludge
RIVM (2015). Application of SimpleTreat 4.0 in European Substance Regulations. Bilthoven, The Netherlands. https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/378/publikationen/texte_13_2015_application_of_simple_treat_4.0.pdfThe approach used to assign this value is largely qualitative in nature and takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determinations employ an informed decision-making process that is ultimately reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdfThe waste generation factor was taken from a life cycle assessment for the closed-loop production of office paper from recycled paper feedstock (DEFRA, 2012). The value represents the amount of industrial waste generated during pulp and paper production at a facility in Germany. An uncertainty factor has not been applied to the cited value since the facility is representative of the operations at other facilities using water treatment chemicals.
DEFRA (2012). Streamlined LCA of Paper Supply Stream. Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs. London, United Kingsom. http://randd.defra.gov.uk/Default.aspx?Menu=Menu&Module=More&Location=None&Completed=0&ProjectID=18956.ESVOC 3.22a.v3ERC_482.00.030.00.1RELEASE_MODULE_DAILY_USE_AT_SITEAmount of substance use per day: 100 kg/day
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsetrue0.1EUSES_DISCHARGE_RATE_OF_STPAssumed domestic sewage treatment plant flowfalsetrue2000.0EUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPBiological wastewater treatment (WWT) may involve the use of both industrial and municipal WWT facilities. The prevalence of each type of facility was assessed in a survey of WWT technologies at 81 European chemical facilities that included both large integrated facilities and smaller dedicated stand-alone sites (EC, 2016). The operations at these facilities included the production and formulation of a wide range of chemicals and solvents for use in a wide range of downstream applications. The survey results indicated that a majority (i.e. 89%) of the chemical facilities used a dedicated industrial wastewater treatment facility; a much smaller percentage utilized a municipal treatment plant capable of handling both industrial and domestic wastewater. Despite the limited reliance on municipal treatment facilities, their usage is conservatively assumed to exist as a normal operating condition during the production, formulation, and downstream use of solvents.falseESCom-9267234041trueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-SITE-SPECIFICWATERAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STPfalsetrueAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STP-NOWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONResidual raw materials and are in some cases recycled and fed back into the process reactor to improve efficiencies. In other cases, residues and by-products are used as raw materials for other downstream applications (EEA, 2016). Wastewater generated during cleaning and maintenance operations is directed to a waste water treatment plant for biological degradation. Atmospheric release of waste vapour may be ameliorated using wet scrubbers, thermal oxidizers, solid adsorbents, membrane separators, biofilters, and/or cold oxidizers for trapping residual vapours. All unrecovered waste is handled as an industrial waste that can be incinerated.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdf
EEA (2016). Prevention of hazardous waste in Europe — the status in 2015 European Environment Agency, Report No. 35/2016. Copenhagen, Denmark. https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/waste-prevention-in-europe/filefalsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YES955c0d59-fd12-43c5-9972-837343b559fano obligatory RMMs
Optional RMMs have been assigned a nominal removal efficiency value that is not accounted for in the air release factor. See the background document for more information.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsefalse3f069f4b-3712-47a1-870f-13374c7dc0b6e2ff2b9a-aade-4cd8-a747-9c5949f3f45aOil-water separation (e.g. via oil water separators, oil skimmers, or
dissolved air flotation) is required.
The efficiency of this RMM varies dependent on the treatment technology and the properties of the substance.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsetruecc4664dc-30a1-4ddb-a292-f35102287db8Nov. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-27T13:31:382020-04-21T09:44:30ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 4.19a.v3Use in rubber production and processing (industrial): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered: Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.Manufacture of tires and general rubber articles, including processing of raw (uncured) rubber, handling and mixing of rubber additives, vulcanising, cooling and finishing.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falseINDUSTRIAL_USEINDUSTRIALPC_0SU_11300Number of emission days per year: 300 (default value)
ECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe value has been adopted from an authoritative literature source that documents the air release factors for processing aids with a vapour pressure greater than 100 Pa and a boiling point less than 300 °C.
OECD (2004). Emission Scenario Documents on Additives in Rubber Industry, No. 6. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France.
http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2004)11&doclanguage=enThe value has been adopted from life cycle assessments for the production of a natural rubber. Solvent and water usages were used to calculate the volume of wastewater generated per ton of solvent, which then yielded a water release factor that was adjusted for water solubilbity.
Azarabadi, H., Eranki, P.L., Landis, A.E., 2017. Life cycle impacts of commercial guayule rubber production estimated from batch-scale operation data. International Journal of Environmental Sustainability 13, 15-30.
Eranki, P.L., Landis, A.E., 2019. Pathway to domestic natural rubber production: a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment of the first guayule automobile tire manufactured in the United States. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 24, 1348-1135.The value has been adopted from an authoritative literature source that documents the release factors for each environmental release category (ERC). The preceding value corresponds to to the default release factor for use of a non-reactive processing aid at an industrial site (ERC 1).
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment Chapter R.16: Environmental exposure assessment Version 3.0. Appendix A.16-1. Helsinki, Finland..
https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe quoted value was derived from a life cyle assessment for plastic parts manufacturing using injection moulding machines (Oncel et al. 2017). This operation provides a reasonable surrogate for the manufacture of rubber products such as seals and gaskets and automotive tires. An uncertainty factor of 10 has been applied to this value based on the anticipated variability of this factor across different industry sectors.
Oncel, M.S. et al. (2017). Hazardous wastes and waste generation factors for plastic products manufacturing industries in Turkey. Sustainable Environ. Res. 27,188-194.WS 1 - 10 mg/LESVOC 4.19a.b.v3ERC_41.010.00.0031.00.014.0WS 10 - 100 mg/LESVOC 4.19a.c.v3ERC_410.0100.00.031.00.014.0WS 100 - 1000 mg/LESVOC 4.19a.d.v3ERC_4100.01000.00.31.00.014.0WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 4.19a.a.v3ERC_41.00.0011.00.014.0WS > 1000 mg/LESVOC 4.19a.e.v3ERC_41000.01.01.00.014.0RELEASE_MODULE_DAILY_USE_AT_SITEAmount of substance use per day: 100,000 kg/day
ECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsetrue100.0EUSES_DISCHARGE_RATE_OF_STPAssumed domestic sewage treatment plant flowfalsetrue2000.0EUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPBiological wastewater treatment (WWT) may involve the use of both industrial and municipal WWT facilities. The prevalence of each type of facility was assessed in a survey of WWT technologies at 81 European chemical facilities that included both large integrated facilities and smaller dedicated stand-alone sites (EC, 2016). The operations at these facilities included the production and formulation of a wide range of chemicals and solvents for use in a wide range of downstream applications. The survey results indicated that a majority (i.e. 89%) of the chemical facilities used a dedicated industrial wastewater treatment facility; a much smaller percentage utilized a municipal treatment plant capable of handling both industrial and domestic wastewater. Despite the limited reliance on municipal treatment facilities, their usage is conservatively assumed to exist as a normal operating condition during the production, formulation, and downstream use of solvents.falseESCom-9267234041trueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-SITE-SPECIFICWATERAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STPfalsetrueAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STP-NOWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONResidual raw materials and are in some cases recycled and fed back into the process reactor to improve efficiencies. In other cases, residues and by-products are used as raw materials for other downstream applications (EU, 2016). Wastewater generated during cleaning and maintenance operations is directed to a wastewater treatment plant for biological degradation. Atmospheric release of waste vapuor may be ameliorated using wet scrubbers, thermal oxidizers, solid adsorbents, membrane separators, biofilters, and/or cold oxidizers for trapping residual vapours.
Solvent-containing liquid cleaning wastes are handled as hazardous waste and disposed of via thermal or catalytic incineration capable of efficiently converting volatile organic compounds to carbon dioxide and water. Hazardous waste handling conforms with the requirements of the Waste Framework Directive and includes procedures that minimize release during production, collection, storage, transportation, and treatment. These measures include a ban on the mixing of waste types, suitable packaging and labelling, and detailed documentation on the sources, quantities, and characteristics of the waste.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdf
EU (2008). Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives. Official Journal of the European Union 22.11.2008. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32008L0098&from=ENfalsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YES955c0d59-fd12-43c5-9972-837343b559fano obligatory RMMs
Optional RMMs have been assigned a nominal removal efficiency value that is not accounted for in the air release factor. See the background document for more information.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsefalse3f069f4b-3712-47a1-870f-13374c7dc0b6e2ff2b9a-aade-4cd8-a747-9c5949f3f45aOil-water separation (e.g. via oil water separators, oil skimmers, or
dissolved air flotation) is required.
The efficiency of this RMM varies dependent on the treatment technology and the properties of the substance.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsetruecc4664dc-30a1-4ddb-a292-f35102287db8Nov. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-23T13:39:322020-04-21T11:53:27ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 8.4c.v2Cleaning agents (consumer): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered:
includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.
Inclusion of sub-SPERCs
2 ERCs -8a and 8d- covered by same sub-SPERCCovers general exposures to consumers arising from the use of household products sold as washing and cleaning products, aerosols, and air care products.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falseCONSUMER_USEINDUSTRIALSU_0PC_351.37E-6Amount of substance use per day: Supplied by registrant
Fraction of Regional tonnage used locally: 0.05% (default value) / Number of emission days per year: 365 (default)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Mass partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8a and 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Mass partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8a and 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Mass partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8a and 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The waste generation factor was taken from a life cycle assessment for the use of a solvent-containing general-purpose cleaner (Curren, 2003). The reported value represents the amount of hazardous waste that is generated when 0.7 L (3 cups) are used to clean 1000 ft2 of a hard surface. An adjustment factor has not been applied to this value since the assessment is representative of use conditions associated with a wide range of professional cleaning products.
Curran, M.A. (2003). Do bio‐based products move us toward sustainability? A look at three USEPA case studies. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 22, 277-292..ESVOC 8.4c.v2ERC_8d2.595.02.54.0.ESVOC 8.4c.v2ERC_8a2.595.02.54.0EUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPfalsetrueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-STANDARDWATERWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONAlthough household hazardous waste (HHW) represents a small portion of the total domestic waste produced by consumers, it needs to be separated from normal trash and amassed for special handling. Many regional municipalities have established voluntary procedures for the identification, collection, and disposal of HHW in a safe and efficient manner. Once amassed, the HHW can be transported to collection sites where it is reused, recycled, or incinerated. The handling and disposal of hazardous waste needs to conform with established practices and local/regional regulations in order to minimize environmental release and the potential for ecological harm.
Inglezakis, V.J., Moustakas, K. (2015). Household hazardous waste management: A review. Journal of Environmental Management 150, 310-321. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.11.021.falsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse10.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse0.05ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor/Outdoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOOR_OUTDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YES2f9dfc77-6201-431c-8813-ff339105dc53no obligatory RMMs
Emissions to air are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
BCERF, 1999. Safe Use and Storage of Hazardous Household Products. Cornell University, Program on Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors. Ithaca, NY. https://extensionhealthyhomes.org/Documents/fs22.safeUse.pdf.falsefalse0b001823-fe6d-4a52-a69e-497bcef2cea98ef2dae1-f09e-497d-a5e7-867cf0b2ad2aNo obligatory RMMs
Emissions to soil are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
BCERF, 1999. Safe Use and Storage of Hazardous Household Products. Cornell University, Program on Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors. Ithaca, NY. https://extensionhealthyhomes.org/Documents/fs22.safeUse.pdf.falsefalseb6171619-e8f8-4f36-91bb-bc02ff074b3ea701fb8e-6048-4185-99d9-057194383032By default, the release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /day. The effluent discharge rate is applicable to a group of 10,000 inhabitants who generate 200 L of wastewater per person.
The removal efficiency is provided by the SimpleTreat model, which takes into consideration the biodegradability, partitioning behaviour, and volatility of an organic substance. Degradation assumes the operation of an aerobic activated-sludge reactor under steady-state conditions.
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse680131f3-a628-41aa-a158-d5143add2e5aFeb. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-16T14:21:132020-04-21T09:07:21ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 1.1.v2Manufacture of substance (industrial): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered:
Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.Covers the commercial production of solvents and other large volume volatile organic chemicals from basic raw material feedstocks. Activities include recycling/recovery, material transfer, storage, maintenance, loading (including marine vessel/barge, road/rail car and bulk container), sampling, and associated laboratory activities. Manufacturing facilities typically operate at large integrated sites with a high degree of process control that improves resource efficiencies, material recovery, and process flexibility.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falseMANUFACTUREINDUSTRIALPC_0SU_8300Number of emission days per year: 300 (default value)
ECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThis value has been adopted from a published source that documents the worst-case estimates of air emissions based on the expert judgement of environmental scientists from the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM).
European Commission (2003). European Commission Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment (EUTGD), Report EUR 20418 EN/2, Appendix 1, Table A1.1, Brussels, Belgium. (https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/16960216/tgdpart2_2ed_en.pdf)The approach used to assign this value is largely qualitative in nature and takes into consideration both the physical properties of the substance and the magnitude of wastewater production at representative production sites. This release factor has been conservatively calculated using water solubility information together with survey results of wastewater effluent volume per tonne of capacity at European oil refineries.
CONCAWE (2012). Trends in oil discharged with aqueous effluents from oil refineries in Europe. Report No. 6/12. Brussels, Belgium.
(https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/report-no-6_12.pdf)The value has been adopted from an authoritative literature source that documents the release factors for each environmental release category (ERC). The preceding value corresponds to the default release factor for substance manufacturing (ERC 1).
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment Chapter R.16: Environmental exposure assessment Version 3.0. Appendix A.16-1. Helsinki, Finland.
(https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdf)The value is consistent with well documented efficiencies and economies that take place in highly automated petrochemical production facilities. The operational conditions are outlined in greater detail in Factsheet Section 3.2 and are consistent with ECHA guidelines for establishing the irrelevance of a waste stage analysis for this this type of facility. The assigned value is in agreement with a survey of European petroleum refiners that did not show an appreciable generation of residual hazardous solvent waste (CONCAWE, 2017).
CONCAWE, 2017. 2013 survey of waste production and management at European refiners, Conservation of Clean Air and Water in Europe, Brussels, Belgium. https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/rpt12-17.pdf.VP 1-10 Pa; WS 1-10 mg/lESVOC 1.1.v.v2ERC_11.010.01.010.00.0030.010.010.2VP 1-10 Pa; WS 10-100 mg/lESVOC 1.1.w.v2ERC_11.010.010.0100.00.030.010.010.2VP 1-10 Pa; WS 100-1000 mg/lESVOC 1.1.x.v2ERC_11.010.0100.01000.00.30.010.010.2VP 1-10 Pa; WS <1 mg/lESVOC 1.1.u.v2ERC_11.010.01.00.0010.010.010.2VP 1-10 Pa; WS >1000 mg/lESVOC 1.1.y.v2ERC_11.010.01000.01.00.010.010.2VP 10-100 Pa, WS 1-10 mg/LESVOC 1.1.q.v2ERC_110.0100.01.010.00.0030.10.010.2VP 10-100 Pa, WS 10-100 mg/LESVOC 1.1.r.v2ERC_110.0100.010.0100.00.030.10.010.2VP 10-100 Pa, WS 100-1000 mg/LESVOC 1.1.s.v2ERC_110.0100.0100.01000.00.30.10.010.2VP 10-100 Pa, WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 1.1.p.v2ERC_110.0100.01.00.0010.10.010.2VP 10-100 Pa, WS >1000 mg/LESVOC 1.1.t.v2ERC_110.0100.01000.01.00.10.010.2VP 100-1000 Pa, WS 1-10 mg/LESVOC 1.1.l.v2ERC_1100.01000.01.010.00.0031.00.010.2VP 100-1000 Pa, WS 10-100 mg/LESVOC 1.1.m.v2ERC_1100.01000.010.0100.00.031.00.010.2VP 100-1000 Pa, WS 100-1000 mg/LESVOC 1.1.n.v2ERC_1100.01000.0100.01000.00.31.00.010.2VP 100-1000 Pa, WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 1.1.k.v2ERC_1100.01000.01.00.0011.00.010.2VP 100-1000 Pa, WS >1000 mg/LESVOC 1.1.o.v2ERC_1100.01000.01000.01.01.00.010.2VP 1000-10000 Pa, WS 1-10mg/LESVOC 1.1.g.v2ERC_11000.010000.01.010.00.0035.00.010.2VP 1000-10000 Pa, WS 10-100mg/LESVOC 1.1.h.v2ERC_11000.010000.010.0100.00.035.00.010.2VP 1000-10000 Pa, WS 100-1000mg/LESVOC 1.1.i.v2ERC_11000.010000.0100.01000.00.35.00.010.2VP 1000-10000 Pa, WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 1.1.f.v2ERC_11000.010000.01.00.0015.00.010.2VP 1000-10000 Pa, WS >1000mg/LESVOC 1.1.j.v2ERC_11000.010000.01000.01.05.00.010.2VP <1 Pa; WS 1-10 mg/lESVOC 1.1.aa.v2ERC_11.01.010.00.0030.0010.010.2VP <1 Pa; WS 10-100 mg/lESVOC 1.1.bb.v2ERC_11.010.0100.00.030.0010.010.2VP <1 Pa; WS 100-1000 mg/lESVOC 1.1.cc.v2ERC_11.0100.01000.00.30.0010.010.2VP <1 Pa; WS <1 mg/lESVOC 1.1.z.v2ERC_11.01.00.0010.0010.010.2VP <1 Pa; WS >1000 mg/lESVOC 1.1.dd.v2ERC_11.01000.01.00.0010.010.2VP > 10000 Pa, WS 1-10 mg/LESVOC 1.1.b.v2ERC_110000.01.010.00.0035.00.010.2VP > 10000 Pa, WS 10-100 mg/LESVOC 1.1.c.v2ERC_110000.010.0100.00.035.00.010.2VP > 10000 Pa, WS 100-1000 mg/LESVOC 1.1.d.v2ERC_110000.0100.01000.00.35.00.010.2VP > 10000 Pa, WS >1000 mg/LESVOC 1.1.e.v2ERC_110000.01000.01.05.00.010.2VP > 1000Pa, WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 1.1.a.v2ERC_11000.01.00.0015.00.010.2APPLICATION_OF_THE_STPThe sludge generated from wastewater treatment is not applied to agricultural soil.falsetrueAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STP-NOWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONResidual raw materials and are in some cases recycled and fed back into the process reactor to improve efficiencies. In other cases, residues and by-products are used as raw materials for other downstream applications (EEA, 2016). Wastewater generated during cleaning and maintenance operations is directed to a waste water treatment plant for biological degradation. Atmospheric release of waste vapor may be ameliorated using wet scrubbers, thermal oxidizers, solid adsorbents, membrane separators, biofilters, and/or cold oxidizers for trapping residual vapours. All unrecovered waste is handled as an industrial waste that can be incinerated.
EEA (2016). Prevention of hazardous waste in Europe — the status in 2015 European Environment Agency, Report No. 35/2016. Copenhagen, Denmark. https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/waste-prevention-in-europe/filefalsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPsite specifc biological STP with assumed discharge rate of municipal biological STP of >= 2000 m3/dayfalsetrueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-SITE-SPECIFICWATEREUSES_DISCHARGE_RATE_OF_STPAssumed domestic sewage treatment plant flowfalsetrue2000.0RELEASE_MODULE_DAILY_USE_AT_SITEAmount of substance use per day: 2,000,000 kg/day
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsetrue2000.0RELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during use.falsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YES955c0d59-fd12-43c5-9972-837343b559fano obligatory RMMs
Optional RMMs have been assigned a nominal removal efficiency value that is not accounted for in the air release factor. See the background document for more information.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsefalse3f069f4b-3712-47a1-870f-13374c7dc0b6e2ff2b9a-aade-4cd8-a747-9c5949f3f45aBy default, the release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /day. The effluent discharge rate is applicable to a group of 10,000 inhabitants who generate 200 L of wastewater per person.
The removal efficiency is provided by the SimpleTreat model, which takes into consideration the biodegradability, partitioning behaviour, and volatility of an organic substance. Degradation assumes the operation of an aerobic activated-sludge reactor under steady-state conditions.
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse16210cfb-e2ef-444f-89d4-c73f3e9e7e54Sept. 2018ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-30T11:32:482020-04-21T12:09:08ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 9.12b.v3Use as a fuel (professional): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered: Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.
Inclusion of sub-SPERCs:
2 ERCs -9a and 9b- covered by same sub-SPERCCovers the use as a fuel (or fuel additive) and includes activities associated with its transfer, use, equipment maintenance and handling of waste and consumer uses in liquid fuels.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falsePROFESSIONAL_WORKER_USEINDUSTRIALPC_13SU_81.37E-6Amount of substance use per day: Supplied by registrant
Fraction of Regional tonnage used locally: 0.05% (default value) / Number of emission days per year: 365 (default)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe value has been derived from published emission factors for the combustion of different fuel types; including gasoline, diesel, and kerosene. Those exhaust and/or evaporative emissions reported in grams per mile were converted to grams per gram of fuel combusted by adjusting for the average fuel efficiency in the applicable vehicle fleet.
ANL (2015). The GREET Model Expansion for Wheels-to Wheels Analysis of Heavy-Duty Vehicles. Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne, IL. https://greet.es.anl.gov/publication-heavy-duty
EASA (2019). ICAO Aircraft Engine Emissions Databank. European Union Aviation Safety Agency. Cologne, Germany. July 30, 2019. https://www.easa.europa.eu/easa-and-you/environment/icao-aircraft-engine-emissions-databankThe water and soil release factors examined the fuel spillages at service stations using conventional dispensing equipment with no vapor recovery capabilities. The lost fuel was distributed to water and soil after adjusting for the amount available for evaporation. Partitioning to the remaining evironmental compartments was estimated using a multimedia fugacity model.
Morgester, J.J., et al. (1992). Comparison of spill frequencies and amounts at vapor recovery and conventional service stations in California. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 42, 284-289.
Hilpert, M., and Breysse, P.N. (2014). Infiltration and evaporation of small hydrocarbon spills at gas stations. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 170, 39-52.The water and soil release factors examined the fuel spillages at service stations using conventional dispensing equipment with no vapor recovery capabilities. The lost fuel was distributed to water and soil after adjusting for the amount available for evaporation. Partitioning to the remaining evironmental compartments was estimated using a multimedia fugacity model.
Morgester, J.J., et al. (1992). Comparison of spill frequencies and amounts at vapor recovery and conventional service stations in California. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 42, 284-289.
Hilpert, M., and Breysse, P.N. (2014). Infiltration and evaporation of small hydrocarbon spills at gas stations. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 170, 39-52.The waste factor has been taken from a life cycle assessment of gasoline production and use in passenger cars (Morales, 2015). The evaluation revealed that 2.1 ml of hazardous waste was incinerated per km driven. The stated fuel mileage of 150 ml/km yields a waste release factor of 1.4%, which was rounded upward to 2%. An uncertainty factor has not been applied to this value since the waste associated with industrial fuel use is expected to less than the value obtained for this comprehensive analysis.
Morales, M. et al. (2015). Life cycle assessment of gasoline production and use in Chile. Science of the Total Environment 505, 833-843.ESVOC 9.12b.v3ERC_9b1.0E-40.50.0252.0.ESVOC 9.12b.v3ERC_9a1.0E-40.50.0252.0ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor/Outdoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOOR_OUTDOOREUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPfalsetrueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-STANDARDWATERWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONUnused and spent products and solutions should be appropriately labelled and stored for eventual recovery or disposal as hazardous waste. A suitable unbreakable and closable container should be used when storing and shipping hazardous materials. The containers must be solvent compatible, leakproof, and free of any defects. Contaminated debris such as disposable paper towels, brushes, rollers, masks, transfer vessels, and wipes that may contain small amounts of solvent residue need to be handled as hazardous waste and properly disposed of in a manner that is consistent with local, regional, and national regulations. Direct disposal of waste into a municipal sewer system needs to conform with all applicable laws and regulations. A spill plan needs to be available that outlines the steps to be taken to minimize any potential health and environmental threats.
EPA (2001). Managing Your Hazardous Waste: A Guide for Small Businesses. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-12/documents/k01005.pdf.falsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse10.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse0.05WATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YES2f9dfc77-6201-431c-8813-ff339105dc53no obligatory RMMs
Emissions to air are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
TSSA (2018). Procedure for the Handling of Fuel at Construction Sites. Technical Standards and Safety Authority, Civil Engineerng Sector Lsabour-Management Health and Safety Committee. Toronto, Canada.falsefalse0b001823-fe6d-4a52-a69e-497bcef2cea9a701fb8e-6048-4185-99d9-057194383032By default, the release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /day. The effluent discharge rate is applicable to a group of 10,000 inhabitants who generate 200 L of wastewater per person.
The removal efficiency is provided by the SimpleTreat model, which takes into consideration the biodegradability, partitioning behaviour, and volatility of an organic substance. Degradation assumes the operation of an aerobic activated-sludge reactor under steady-state conditions.
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse680131f3-a628-41aa-a158-d5143add2e5a8ef2dae1-f09e-497d-a5e7-867cf0b2ad2aNo obligatory RMMs
Emissions to soil are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
TSSA (2018). Procedure for the Handling of Fuel at Construction Sites. Technical Standards and Safety Authority, Civil Engineerng Sector Lsabour-Management Health and Safety Committee. Toronto, Canada.falsefalseb6171619-e8f8-4f36-91bb-bc02ff074b3eNov. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-30T09:15:382020-04-21T13:38:00ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 9.6b.v2Lubricants – low environmental release (professional): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered: Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.
Inclusion of sub-SPERCs
2 ERCs -9a and 9b- covered by same sub-SPERCCovers the professional use of formulated lubricants in closed or contained systems including transfer operations, application, operation of engines and similar articles, reworking on reject articles, equipment maintenance and disposal of waste oil.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falsePROFESSIONAL_WORKER_USEINDUSTRIALPC_24SU_171.37E-6Amount of substance use per day: Supplied by registrant
Fraction of Regional tonnage used locally: 0.05% (default value) / Number of emission days per year: 365 (default)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe value has been adopted from an authoritative literature source that documents the release factors for each Environmental Release Category (ERC). The preceding value corresponds to the average default air release factor for the wide dispersive use of functional fluids indoors and outdoors (ERC 9a and ERC 9b).
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThis value has been adopted from a published source reporting the fractional leakage of automotive crankcase oils to water during their use in the United Kingdom.
OECD (2004). Emission Scenario Documents on Lubricants and Lubricant Additives. No. 10, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2004)21&doclanguage=en.This value has been adopted from a published source reporting the fractional leakage of automotive crankcase oils to soil during their use in the United Kingdom.
OECD (2004). Emission Scenario Documents on Lubricants and Lubricant Additives. No. 10, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2004)21&doclanguage=en.The waste generation factor was taken from a life cycle assessment of the lubricating oil used in the transportation sector (Vold, 1995). The value represents the amount of waste oil that is not collected for recycling or used as a fuel following use in Norway.
Vold, M. et al. (1995). Burning or Re-refining Used Lube Oil? Life Cycle Assessments of the Environmental Impacts. Report No. OR 52.95, Ostfold Research Foundation. Fredrikstad, Norway. https://www.ostfoldforskning.no/media/1495/5295.pdf..ESVOC 9.6b.v2ERC_9a1.05.01.035.0.ESVOC 9.6b.v2ERC_9b1.05.01.035.0ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor/Outdoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOOR_OUTDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YESEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPfalsetrueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-STANDARDWATERWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONUnused and spent products and solutions should be appropriately labelled and stored for eventual recovery or disposal as hazardous waste. A suitable unbreakable and closable container should be used when storing and shipping hazardous materials. The containers must be solvent compatible, leakproof, and free of any defects. Contaminated debris such as disposable paper towels, brushes, rollers, masks, transfer vessels, and wipes that may contain small amounts of solvent residue need to be handled as hazardous waste and properly disposed of in a manner that is consistent with local, regional, and national regulations. Direct disposal of waste into a municipal sewer system needs to conform with all applicable laws and regulations. A spill plan needs to be available that outlines the steps to be taken to minimize any potential health and environmental threats.
EPA (2001). Managing Your Hazardous Waste: A Guide for Small Businesses. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-12/documents/k01005.pdf.falsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse10.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse0.052f9dfc77-6201-431c-8813-ff339105dc53no obligatory RMMs
Emissions to air are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
Madanhire, I. and Mbohwa, C. (2016). Proper Lubricants Handling. In: Mitigating Environmental Impact of Petroleum Lubricants, Springer, Basel, Switzerland, pp. 179-188.falsefalse0b001823-fe6d-4a52-a69e-497bcef2cea9a701fb8e-6048-4185-99d9-057194383032By default, the release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /day. The effluent discharge rate is applicable to a group of 10,000 inhabitants who generate 200 L of wastewater per person.
The removal efficiency is provided by the SimpleTreat model, which takes into consideration the biodegradability, partitioning behaviour, and volatility of an organic substance. Degradation assumes the operation of an aerobic activated-sludge reactor under steady-state conditions.
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse680131f3-a628-41aa-a158-d5143add2e5a8ef2dae1-f09e-497d-a5e7-867cf0b2ad2aNo obligatory RMMs
Emissions to soil are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
Madanhire, I. and Mbohwa, C. (2016). Proper Lubricants Handling. In: Mitigating Environmental Impact of Petroleum Lubricants, Springer, Basel, Switzerland, pp. 179-188.falsefalseb6171619-e8f8-4f36-91bb-bc02ff074b3eJan. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-31T09:50:382020-04-21T11:22:25ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 8.21b.v2Polymer processing (professional): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered: Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.
Inclusion of sub-SPERCs:
2 ERCs -8a and 8d- covered by same sub-SPERCCovers the use of small quantities within laboratory settings, including material transfers and equipment cleaning.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falsePROFESSIONAL_WORKER_USEINDUSTRIALSU_12PC_321.37E-6Amount of substance use per day: Supplied by registrant
Fraction of Regional tonnage used locally: 0.05% (default value) / Number of emission days per year: 365 (default)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8a and 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8a and 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8a and 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The waste generation factor was established using information from a life cycle assessment involving the commercial production of three polyolefin plastics (Plastics Europe, 2014). The generation of hazardous waste during the creation of these plastics ranged as high as 0.3% for the low-density polyethylene. To ensure that all possible waste sources are considered an adjustment factor of 10 has been applied to this value.
Plastics Europe (2014). Eco-profiles of the European Plastics Industry: High-density Polyethylene (HDPE), Low-density Polyethylene (LDPE), Linear Low-density Polyethylene (LLDPE). Association of Plastics Manufacturers. Brussels, Belgium.
https://www.pedagogie.ac-aix-marseille.fr/upload/docs/application/pdf/2015-11/4-_eco-profile_pe_2014-04.pdf...ESVOC 8.21b.v2ERC_8d1.098.01.03.0.ESVOC 8.21b.v2ERC_8a1.098.01.03.0EUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPfalsetrueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-STANDARDWATERWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONUnused and spent products and solutions should be appropriately labelled and stored for eventual recovery or disposal as hazardous waste. A suitable unbreakable and closable container should be used when storing and shipping hazardous materials. The containers must be solvent compatible, leakproof, and free of any defects. Contaminated debris such as disposable paper towels, brushes, rollers, masks, transfer vessels, and wipes that may contain small amounts of solvent residue need to be handled as hazardous waste and properly disposed of in a manner that is consistent with local, regional, and national regulations. Direct disposal of waste into a municipal sewer system needs to conform with all applicable laws and regulations. A spill plan needs to be available that outlines the steps to be taken to minimize any potential health and environmental threats.
EPA (2001). Managing Your Hazardous Waste: A Guide for Small Businesses. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-12/documents/k01005.pdf.falsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse10.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse0.05ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor/Outdoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOOR_OUTDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YES8ef2dae1-f09e-497d-a5e7-867cf0b2ad2aNo obligatory RMMs
Emissions to soil are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
Nunez, C.M., et al. (1999). Evaluation of pollution prevention options to reduce styrene emissions from fiber-reinforced plastic open molding processes. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 49, 256-267.falsefalseb6171619-e8f8-4f36-91bb-bc02ff074b3e2f9dfc77-6201-431c-8813-ff339105dc53no obligatory RMMs
Emissions to air are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
Nunez, C.M., et al. (1999). Evaluation of pollution prevention options to reduce styrene emissions from fiber-reinforced plastic open molding processes. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 49, 256-267.falsefalse0b001823-fe6d-4a52-a69e-497bcef2cea9a701fb8e-6048-4185-99d9-057194383032By default, the release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /day. The effluent discharge rate is applicable to a group of 10,000 inhabitants who generate 200 L of wastewater per person.
The removal efficiency is provided by the SimpleTreat model, which takes into consideration the biodegradability, partitioning behaviour, and volatility of an organic substance. Degradation assumes the operation of an aerobic activated-sludge reactor under steady-state conditions.
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse680131f3-a628-41aa-a158-d5143add2e5aJan. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-30T09:31:112020-04-21T12:07:05ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 8.7c.v2Metal working fluids/rolling oils (professional): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered: Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.
Inclusion of sub-SPERCs
Yes (2 ERCs -8a and 8d- covered by same sub-SPERC)Covers the use in formulated MWFs including transfer operations, open and contained cutting/machining activities, automated and manual application of corrosion protections, draining and working on contaminated/ reject articles, and disposal of waste oils.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falsePROFESSIONAL_WORKER_USEINDUSTRIALPC_25SU_151.37E-6Amount of substance use per day: Supplied by registrant
Fraction of Regional tonnage used locally: 0.05% (default value) / Number of emission days per year: 365 (default)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThis value has been adopted from a published source that documents the worst-case estimates of air emissions based on the expert judgement of environmental scientists from the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM).
European Commission (2003). European Commission Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment (EUTGD), Report EUR 20418 EN/2, Appendix 1, Table A4.2, Brussels, Belgium. (https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/16960216/tgdpart2_2ed_en.pdf)This value has been adopted from a published source reporting the fractional leakage of automotive crankcase oils to water during their use in the United Kingdom. An adjustment factor of 5 has been applied to the reported value of 1% to account for the higher environmental release that would be expected to occur with some poorly-managed products.
OECD (2004). Emission Scenario Documents on Lubricants and Lubricant Additives. No. 10, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2004)21&doclanguage=en.This value has been adopted from a published source reporting the fractional leakage of automotive crankcase oils to soil during their use in the United Kingdom. An adjustment factor of 5 has been applied to the reported value of 1% to account for the higher environmental release that would be expected to occur with some poorly-managed products.
OECD (2004). Emission Scenario Documents on Lubricants and Lubricant Additives. No. 10, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2004)21&doclanguage=en.The quoted value was derived from an Emissions Scenario Document that examined the production of chemical waste during the use of neat cutting oils (OECD, 2004). A waste generation factor of 2% was associated with the adhesion of residual fluid to the metal parts being processed. An uncertainty factor of 10 has been applied to this value to account for the mishandling that may accompany the wide dispersive use of these oils.
OECD (2004). Emission Scenario Documents on Lubricants and Lubricant Additives. No. 10, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2004)21&doclanguage=en.VP 10 - 100ESVOC 8.7c.d.v2ERC_8d10.0100.05.01.55.020.0VP 10 - 100ESVOC 8.7c.d.v2ERC_8a10.0100.05.01.55.020.0VP 100 - 1000ESVOC 8.7c.c.v2ERC_8a100.01000.05.015.05.020.0VP 100 - 1000ESVOC 8.7c.c.v2ERC_8d100.01000.05.015.05.020.0VP 1000 - 10000ESVOC 8.7c.b.v2ERC_8d1000.010000.05.040.05.020.0VP 1000 - 10000ESVOC 8.7c.b.v2ERC_8a1000.010000.05.040.05.020.0VP < 10ESVOC 8.7c.e.v2ERC_8a10.05.00.50.00120.0VP < 10ESVOC 8.7c.e.v2ERC_8d10.05.00.50.00120.0VP > 10000ESVOC 8.7c.a.v2ERC_8d10000.05.060.05.020.0VP > 10000ESVOC 8.7c.a.v2ERC_8a10000.05.060.05.020.0EUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPfalsetrueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-STANDARDWATERWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONUnused and spent products and solutions should be appropriately labelled and stored for eventual recovery or disposal as hazardous waste. A suitable unbreakable and closable container should be used when storing and shipping hazardous materials. The containers must be solvent compatible, leakproof, and free of any defects. Contaminated debris such as disposable paper towels, brushes, rollers, masks, transfer vessels, and wipes that may contain small amounts of solvent residue need to be handled as hazardous waste and properly disposed of in a manner that is consistent with local, regional, and national regulations. Direct disposal of waste into a municipal sewer system needs to conform with all applicable laws and regulations. A spill plan needs to be available that outlines the steps to be taken to minimize any potential health and environmental threats.
EPA (2001). Managing Your Hazardous Waste: A Guide for Small Businesses. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-12/documents/k01005.pdf.falsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse10.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse0.05ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor/Outdoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOOR_OUTDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during use.falsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YES2f9dfc77-6201-431c-8813-ff339105dc53no obligatory RMMs
Emissions to air are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
Skerlos, S.J. (2007). Prevention of Metalworking Fluid Pollution: Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing at the Machine Tool. In: Kutz, M. (Ed.), Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, pp. 95-122.falsefalse0b001823-fe6d-4a52-a69e-497bcef2cea9a701fb8e-6048-4185-99d9-057194383032By default, the release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /day. The effluent discharge rate is applicable to a group of 10,000 inhabitants who generate 200 L of wastewater per person.
The removal efficiency is provided by the SimpleTreat model, which takes into consideration the biodegradability, partitioning behaviour, and volatility of an organic substance. Degradation assumes the operation of an aerobic activated-sludge reactor under steady-state conditions.
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse680131f3-a628-41aa-a158-d5143add2e5a8ef2dae1-f09e-497d-a5e7-867cf0b2ad2aNo obligatory RMMs
Emissions to soil are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
Skerlos, S.J. (2007). Prevention of Metalworking Fluid Pollution: Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing at the Machine Tool. In: Kutz, M. (Ed.), Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, pp. 95-122.falsefalseb6171619-e8f8-4f36-91bb-bc02ff074b3eJan. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-27T14:17:002020-04-21T09:49:35ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 4.23.v2Mining chemicals (industrial): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered: Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.Covers the use of the substance in extraction processes at mining operations, including material transfers, winning and separation activities, and substance recovery and disposal.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falseINDUSTRIAL_USEINDUSTRIALSU_2aPC_4020Number of emission days per year: 20 (default value)
ECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThis value has been adopted from a published source that documents the worst-case estimates of air emissions based on the expert judgement of environmental scientists from the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM).
European Commission (2003). European Commission Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment (EUTGD), Report EUR 20418 EN/2, Appendix 1, Table A3.7, Brussels, Belgium. (https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/16960216/tgdpart2_2ed_en.pdf)This value has been adopted from a published source that documents the worst-case estimates of air emissions based on the expert judgement of environmental scientists from the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM).
European Commission (2003). European Commission Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment (EUTGD), Report EUR 20418 EN/2, Appendix 1, Table A3.7, Brussels, Belgium. (https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/16960216/tgdpart2_2ed_en.pdf)This value has been adopted from a published source that documents the worst-case estimates of air emissions based on the expert judgement of environmental scientists from the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM).
European Commission (2003). European Commission Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment (EUTGD), Report EUR 20418 EN/2, Appendix 1, Table A3.7, Brussels, Belgium. (https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/16960216/tgdpart2_2ed_en.pdf)The waste generation factor was taken from a life cycle assessment for the mining and smelting of copper (ICA, 2013). The value represents the amount of hazardous waste generated during copper cathode and copper concentrate production by mining sites on four continents. An uncertainty factor of 10 has been applied to this value based on the anticipated variability of this factor across different mining operations.
ICA (2013). Copper Environmental Profile. International Copper Association. Washington, DC. http://copperalliance.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/ICA-EnvironmentalProfileHESD-201709-FINAL-LOWRES-1-1.pdf..ESVOC 4.23.v2ERC_450.025.05.00.003RELEASE_MODULE_DAILY_USE_AT_SITEAmount of substance use per day: 10,000 kg/day
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsetrue10.0EUSES_DISCHARGE_RATE_OF_STPAssumed domestic sewage treatment plant flowfalsetrue2000.0EUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPBiological wastewater treatment (WWT) may involve the use of both industrial and municipal WWT facilities. The prevalence of each type of facility was assessed in a survey of WWT technologies at 81 European chemical facilities that included both large integrated facilities and smaller dedicated stand-alone sites (EC, 2016). The operations at these facilities included the production and formulation of a wide range of chemicals and solvents for use in a wide range of downstream applications. The survey results indicated that a majority (i.e. 89%) of the chemical facilities used a dedicated industrial wastewater treatment facility; a much smaller percentage utilized a municipal treatment plant capable of handling both industrial and domestic wastewater. Despite the limited reliance on municipal treatment facilities, their usage is conservatively assumed to exist as a normal operating condition during the production, formulation, and downstream use of solvents.falseESCom-9267234041trueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-SITE-SPECIFICWATERAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STPfalsetrueAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STP-NOWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONResidual raw materials and are in some cases recycled and fed back into the process reactor to improve efficiencies. In other cases, residues and by-products are used as raw materials for other downstream applications (EEA, 2016). Wastewater generated during cleaning and maintenance operations is directed to a waste water treatment plant for biological degradation. Atmospheric release of waste vapour may be ameliorated using wet scrubbers, thermal oxidizers, solid adsorbents, membrane separators, biofilters, and/or cold oxidizers for trapping residual vapours. All unrecovered waste is handled as an industrial waste that can be incinerated.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdf
EEA (2016). Prevention of hazardous waste in Europe — the status in 2015 European Environment Agency, Report No. 35/2016. Copenhagen, Denmark. https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/waste-prevention-in-europe/filefalsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YES955c0d59-fd12-43c5-9972-837343b559fano obligatory RMMs
Optional RMMs have been assigned a nominal removal efficiency value that is not accounted for in the air release factor. See the background document for more information.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsefalse3f069f4b-3712-47a1-870f-13374c7dc0b6e2ff2b9a-aade-4cd8-a747-9c5949f3f45aOil-water separation (e.g. via oil water separators, oil skimmers, or
dissolved air flotation) is required.
The efficiency of this RMM varies dependent on the treatment technology and the properties of the substance.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsetruecc4664dc-30a1-4ddb-a292-f35102287db8Nov. 2018ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-12T09:55:522020-04-21T10:12:15ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 4.7a.v3Use in metal working fluids/rolling oils (industrial): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered:
Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.Use in formulated metal working fluids/rolling oils including transfer operations, rolling and annealing activities, cutting/machining activities, automated and manual application of corrosion protections (including brushing, dipping and spraying), equipment maintenance, draining and the disposal of waste oils.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falseINDUSTRIAL_USEINDUSTRIALPC_25SU_1520Number of emission days per year: 20 (default value)
ECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe air release considers the misting and evaporation that occurs when a conventional solvent-based machining fluid is used to mill metal parts.
OECD, 2004. Emission Scenario Documents on Lubricants and Lubricant Additives. No. 10, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2004)21&doclanguage=enThe approach used to assign this value is largely qualitative in nature and takes into consideration both the physical properties of the substance and the magnitude of wastewater production at representative production sites. This release factor has been conservatively calculated using water solubility information together with a published estimate of wastewater effluent volume per tonne of capacity at a site producing a variety of rubber products other than car tires.
OECD (2004). Emission Scenario Documents on Additives in Rubber Industry, No. 6. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France.
http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2004)11&doclanguage=enAn authoritative review of the emissions associated with the manufacture of metalworking fluids did not describe the release of any solvent volatiles to soil.
OECD (2004). Emission Scenario Documents on Lubricants and Lubricant Additives. OECD Series on Emission Scenario Documents, Number 10. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2004)21&doclanguage=enThe quoted value was derived from a life cycle assessment for the commercial production of base fluids used in the formulation of lubricants (Vag et al. 2004). This operation provides a reasonable surrogate for the manufacture of metal working fluids for use in the parts fabrication industry. The highest reported solid waste factor of 1% was judged to be representative of other metal working fluids. An uncertainty factor of 10 has been applied to this value based on the anticipated variability of this factor across different industry sectors.
Vag, C. et al. (2002). A comparative life cycle assessment of the manufacture of base fluids for lubricants. Journal of Synthetic Lubrication 19,39-57.WS 1 - 10 mg/LESVOC 4.7a.b.v3ERC_41.010.03.0E-45.00.010.0WS 10 - 100 mg/LESVOC 4.7a.c.v3ERC_410.0100.00.0035.00.010.0WS 100 - 1000 mg/LESVOC 4.7a.d.v3ERC_4100.01000.00.035.00.010.0WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 4.7a.a.v3ERC_41.01.0E-45.00.010.0WS > 1000 mg/LESVOC 4.7a.e.v3ERC_41000.00.15.00.010.0RELEASE_MODULE_DAILY_USE_AT_SITEThe substance typical use rate (MSPERC) is assumed to be 5000 kg/d as typical site tonnage, based on sector knowledge (Site tonnage tends to vary between small, medium and large plants. Assumed value reflects medium sized plant (see OECD Series on Emission Scenario Documents, Number 10. November 2004. Emission Scenario Document on Lubricants and Lubricant Additives)).
20 emission days per year were assumed (default value for an ‘Industrial end use’ with tonnage < 1000 tonnes/year)
falsetrue25.0EUSES_DISCHARGE_RATE_OF_STPAssumed domestic sewage treatment plant flowfalsetrue2000.0EUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPBiological wastewater treatment (WWT) may involve the use of both industrial and municipal WWT facilities. The prevalence of each type of facility was assessed in a survey of WWT technologies at 81 European chemical facilities that included both large integrated facilities and smaller dedicated stand-alone sites (EC, 2016). The operations at these facilities included the production and formulation of a wide range of chemicals and solvents for use in a wide range of downstream applications. The survey results indicated that a majority (i.e. 89%) of the chemical facilities used a dedicated industrial wastewater treatment facility; a much smaller percentage utilized a municipal treatment plant capable of handling both industrial and domestic wastewater. Despite the limited reliance on municipal treatment facilities, their usage is conservatively assumed to exist as a normal operating condition during the production, formulation, and downstream use of solvents.falseESCom-9267234041trueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-SITE-SPECIFICWATERAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STPfalsetrueAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STP-NOWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONResidual raw materials and are in some cases recycled and fed back into the process reactor to improve efficiencies. In other cases, residues and by-products are used as raw materials for other downstream applications (EU, 2016). Wastewater generated during cleaning and maintenance operations is directed to a waste water treatment plant for biological degradation. Atmospheric release of waste vapor may be ameliorated using wet scrubbers, thermal oxidizers, solid adsorbents, membrane separators, biofilters, and/or cold oxidizers for trapping residual vapours.
Solvent-containing liquid cleaning wastes are handled as hazardous waste and disposed of via thermal or catalytic incineration capable of efficiently converting volatile organic compounds to carbon dioxide and water. Hazardous waste handling conforms with the requirements of the Waste Framework Directive and includes procedures that minimize release during production, collection, storage, transportation, and treatment. These measures include a ban on the mixing of waste types, suitable packaging and labelling, and detailed documentation on the sources, quantities, and characteristics of the waste.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdf
EU (2008). Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives. Official Journal of the European Union 22.11.2008. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32008L0098&from=ENfalsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YESe2ff2b9a-aade-4cd8-a747-9c5949f3f45aOil-water separation (e.g. via oil water separators, oil skimmers, or
dissolved air flotation) is required.
The efficiency of this RMM varies dependent on the treatment technology and the properties of the substance.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsetruecc4664dc-30a1-4ddb-a292-f35102287db8955c0d59-fd12-43c5-9972-837343b559fano obligatory RMMs
Optional RMMs have been assigned a nominal removal efficiency value that is not accounted for in the air release factor. See the background document for more information.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsefalse3f069f4b-3712-47a1-870f-13374c7dc0b6Nov. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-30T10:42:042020-04-21T10:49:37ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 8.10b.v2Binders and release agents (professional): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered: Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.
Inclusion of sub-SPERCs
2 ERCs -8a and 8d- covered by same sub-SPERCCovers the use as binders and release agents including material transfers, mixing, application by spraying, brushing, and handling of waste.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falsePROFESSIONAL_WORKER_USEINDUSTRIALSU_0PC_241.37E-6Amount of substance use per day: Supplied by registrant
Fraction of Regional tonnage used locally: 0.05% (default value) / Number of emission days per year: 365 (default)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8a and 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8a and 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8a and 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The waste factor was cited in a life cycle assessment for the production of concrete masonry from Portland cement (PCA, 2007). The production process requires the application of a releasing agent to the concrete forms to facilitate separation of the masonry block. The value of 3.0% includes the waste resulting from the production of concrete blocks using molds that have been coated with a form parting oil. This factor has not been adjusted since it provides an upper limit for the amount of binder or releasing agent that would be disposed of as waste during widescale professional use of these products
PCA (2007). Life Cycle Inventory of Portland Cement Concrete. PCA R&D Serial No. 3007 Portland Cemet Association. Skokie, IL. http://www.nrmca.org/taskforce/item_2_talkingpoints/sustainability/sustainability/sn3011%5B1%5D.pdf..ESVOC 8.10b.v2ERC_8a2.595.02.53.0.ESVOC 8.10b.v2ERC_8d2.595.02.53.0EUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPfalsetrueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-STANDARDWATERWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONUnused and spent products and solutions should be appropriately labelled and stored for eventual recovery or disposal as hazardous waste. A suitable unbreakable and closable container should be used when storing and shipping hazardous materials. The containers must be solvent compatible, leakproof, and free of any defects. Contaminated debris such as disposable paper towels, brushes, rollers, masks, transfer vessels, and wipes that may contain small amounts of solvent residue need to be handled as hazardous waste and properly disposed of in a manner that is consistent with local, regional, and national regulations. Direct disposal of waste into a municipal sewer system needs to conform with all applicable laws and regulations. A spill plan needs to be available that outlines the steps to be taken to minimize any potential health and environmental threats.
EPA (2001). Managing Your Hazardous Waste: A Guide for Small Businesses. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-12/documents/k01005.pdf.falsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse10.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse0.05ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor/Outdoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOOR_OUTDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YES97635f96-a1a7-4dfb-8c94-b8601e135e01No obligatory RMMs
Emissions to soil are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
USEPA (1996). Evaluation of Pollution Prevention Opportunities for Mold Release Agents. EPA/600/SR-96/075, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory. Research Triangle Park, NC. https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/P1000I81.PDF?Dockey=P1000I81.PDF.falsefalsef8445219-53e8-47fe-8b58-0e45b677b0e2955c0d59-fd12-43c5-9972-837343b559fano obligatory RMMs
Emissions to air are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
USEPA (1996). Evaluation of Pollution Prevention Opportunities for Mold Release Agents. EPA/600/SR-96/075, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory. Research Triangle Park, NC. https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/P1000I81.PDF?Dockey=P1000I81.PDF.
DPI&F (2005). Agricultural Chemical Users' Maual: Guidelines and Principles for Responsible Agricultural Chemical Use. The State of Queensland, Department of Primary Industriies and Fisheries. Brisbane, Australia. https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/54738/AgChem-UsersManual.pdf.falsefalse3f069f4b-3712-47a1-870f-13374c7dc0b6e2ff2b9a-aade-4cd8-a747-9c5949f3f45aBy default, the release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /day. The effluent discharge rate is applicable to a group of 10,000 inhabitants who generate 200 L of wastewater per person.
The removal efficiency is provided by the SimpleTreat model, which takes into consideration the biodegradability, partitioning behaviour, and volatility of an organic substance. Degradation assumes the operation of an aerobic activated-sludge reactor under steady-state conditions.
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse16210cfb-e2ef-444f-89d4-c73f3e9e7e54Jan. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-16T10:15:292020-04-21T13:45:50ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 4.1.v2Use as a processing aid and/or an extraction solventSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered:
Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.Use of a substance as a process chemical or extraction agent. Includes
recycling/ recovery, material transfers, storage, maintenance and loading (including marine vessel/barge, road/rail car and bulk container), sampling and associated laboratory activities.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falseINDUSTRIAL_USEINDUSTRIALSU_8PC_40300Number of emission days per year: 300 (default value)
ECHA, 2016. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThis value has been adopted from a published source that documents the worst-case estimates of air emissions based on the expert judgement of environmental scientists from the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM).
European Commission (2003). European Commission Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment (EUTGD), Report EUR 20418 EN/2, Appendix 1, Table A1.1, Brussels, Belgium. (https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/16960216/tgdpart2_2ed_en.pdf)The approach used to assign this value is largely qualitative in nature and takes into consideration both the physical properties of the substance and the magnitude of wastewater production at representative production sites. This release factor has been conservatively calculated using water solubility information together with survey results of wastewater effluent volume per tonne of capacity at European oil refineries.
CONCAWE (2012). Trends in oil discharged with aqueous effluents from oil refineries in Europe. Report No. 6/12. Brussels, Belgium.
(https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/report-no-6_12.pdf)The approach used to assign this value is largely qualitative in nature and takes into consideration both the physical properties of the substance and the magnitude of wastewater production at representative production sites. This release factor has been conservatively calculated using water solubility information together with survey results of wastewater effluent volume per tonne of capacity at European oil refineries.
CONCAWE (2012). Trends in oil discharged with aqueous effluents from oil refineries in Europe. Report No. 6/12. Brussels, Belgium.
(https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/report-no-6_12.pdf)The value has been adopted from an authoritative literature source that documents the release factors for hazardous wastes generated in an industrial setting. The preceding value corresponds to the default release factor for the use of solvents in a manufacturing process.
ECHA (2012). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment Chapter R.18: Exposure scenario building and environmental release estimation for the waste life stage Version 2.1. Appendix R.18-4. Helsinki, Finland.
(https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/r18_v2_final_en.pdf)VP 1-10 Pa; WS 1-10 mg/LESVOC 4.1.v.v2ERC_41.010.01.010.00.0030.010.015.0VP 1-10 Pa; WS 10-100 mg/LESVOC 4.1.w.v2ERC_41.010.010.0100.00.030.010.015.0VP 1-10 Pa; WS 100-1000 mg/LESVOC 4.1.x.v2ERC_41.010.0100.01000.00.30.010.015.0VP 1-10 Pa; WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 4.1u.v2ERC_41.010.01.00.0010.010.015.0VP 1-10 Pa; WS >1000 mg/LESVOC 4.1.y.v2ERC_41.010.01000.01.00.010.015.0VP 10-100 Pa; WS 1-10 mg/LESVOC 4.1q.v2ERC_410.0100.01.010.00.0030.10.015.0VP 10-100 Pa; WS 10-100 mg/LESVOC 4.1r.v2ERC_410.0100.010.0100.00.030.00.015.0VP 10-100 Pa; WS 100-1000 mg/LESVOC 4.1s.v2ERC_410.0100.0100.01000.00.30.10.015.0VP 10-100 Pa; WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 4.1p.v2ERC_410.0100.01.00.0010.10.015.0VP 10-100 Pa; WS >1000 mg/LESVOC 4.1t.v2ERC_410.0100.01000.01.00.10.015.0VP 100-1000 Pa; WS 1-10 mg/LESVOC 4.1l.v2ERC_4100.01000.01.010.00.0031.00.015.0VP 100-1000 Pa; WS 10-100 mg/LESVOC 4.1m.v2ERC_4100.01000.010.0100.00.031.00.015.0VP 100-1000 Pa; WS 100-1000 mg/LESVOC 4.1n.v2ERC_4100.01000.0100.01000.00.31.00.015.0VP 100-1000 Pa; WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 4.1k.v2ERC_4100.01000.01.00.0011.00.015.0VP 100-1000 Pa; WS >1000 mg/LESVOC 4.1o.v2ERC_4100.01000.01000.01.01.00.015.0VP 1000-10000 Pa; WS 1-10 mg/LESVOC 4.1g.v2ERC_41000.010000.01.010.00.0035.00.015.0VP 1000-10000 Pa; WS 10-100 mg/LESVOC 4.1h.v2ERC_41000.010000.010.0100.00.035.00.015.0VP 1000-10000 Pa; WS 100-1000 mg/LESVOC 4.1i.v2ERC_41000.010000.0100.01000.00.35.00.015.0VP 1000-10000 Pa; WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 4.1f.v2ERC_41000.010000.01.00.0015.00.015.0VP 1000-10000 Pa; WS >1000 mg/LESVOC 4.1j.v2ERC_41000.010000.01000.01.05.00.015.0VP <1 Pa; WS 1-10 mg/LESVOC 4.1.aa.v2ERC_41.01.010.00.0030.0010.015.0VP <1 Pa; WS 10-100 mg/LESVOC 4.1.bb.v2ERC_41.010.0100.00.030.0010.015.0VP <1 Pa; WS 100-1000 mg/LESVOC 4.1.cc.v2ERC_41.0100.01000.00.30.0010.015.0VP <1 Pa; WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 4.1.z.v2ERC_41.01.00.0010.0010.015.0VP <1 Pa; WS >1000 mg/LESVOC 4.1.dd.v2ERC_41.01000.01.00.0010.015.0VP > 10000 Pa; WS 1-10 mg/LESVOC 4.1b.v2ERC_410000.01.010.00.0035.00.015.0VP > 10000 Pa; WS 10-100 mg/LESVOC 4.1c.v2ERC_410000.010.0100.00.035.00.015.0VP > 10000 Pa; WS 100-1000 mg/LESVOC 4.1d.v2ERC_410000.0100.01000.00.35.00.015.0VP > 10000 Pa; WS < 1 mg/LESVOC 4.1.a.v2ERC_410000.01.00.0015.00.015.0VP > 10000 Pa; WS > 1000 mg/LESVOC 4.1e.v2ERC_410000.01000.01.05.00.015.0APPLICATION_OF_THE_STPfalsetrueAPPLICATION_OF_THE_STP-NOWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONResidual raw materials and are in some cases recycled and fed back into the process reactor to improve efficiencies. In other cases, residues and by-products are used as raw materials for other downstream applications (EU, 2016). Wastewater generated during cleaning and maintenance operations is directed to a waste water treatment plant for biological degradation. Atmospheric release of waste vapor may be ameliorated using wet scrubbers, thermal oxidizers, solid adsorbents, membrane separators, biofilters, and/or cold oxidizers for trapping residual vapours. All unrecovered waste is handled as an industrial waste that can be incinerated or in some cases re-distilled.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPBiological wastewater treatment (WWT) may involve the use of both industrial and municipal WWT facilities. The prevalence of each type of facility was assessed in a survey of WWT technologies at 81 European chemical facilities that included both large integrated facilities and smaller dedicated stand-alone sites (EC, 2016). The operations at these facilities included the production and formulation of a wide range of chemicals and solvents for use in a wide range of downstream applications. The survey results indicated that a majority (i.e. 89%) of the chemical facilities used a dedicated industrial wastewater treatment facility; a much smaller percentage utilized a municipal treatment plant capable of handling both industrial and domestic wastewater. Despite the limited reliance on municipal treatment facilities, their usage is conservatively assumed to exist as a normal operating condition during the production, formulation, and downstream use of solvents.falseESCom-9267234041trueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-SITE-SPECIFICWATEREUSES_DISCHARGE_RATE_OF_STPAssumed domestic sewage treatment plant flowfalsetrue2000.0RELEASE_MODULE_DAILY_USE_AT_SITEAmount of substance use per day: 50,000 kg/day (NB value modified)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsetrue50.0RELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse100.0ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YES955c0d59-fd12-43c5-9972-837343b559fano obligatory RMMs
Optional RMMs have been assigned a nominal removal efficiency value that is not accounted for in the air release factor. See the background document for more information.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsefalse3f069f4b-3712-47a1-870f-13374c7dc0b6e2ff2b9a-aade-4cd8-a747-9c5949f3f45aOil-water separation (e.g. via oil water separators, oil skimmers, or
dissolved air flotation) is required.
The efficiency of this RMM varies dependent on the treatment technology and the properties of the substance.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalsetruecc4664dc-30a1-4ddb-a292-f35102287db8Apr. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-04-21T10:54:152020-04-21T10:54:15ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 8.11a.v2(Biocidal product in) Agrochemical use (professional): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered: Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.
Inclusion of sub-SPERCs
2 ERCs -8a and 8d- covered by same sub-SPERCCovers the professional use as an agrochemical excipient for application by manual or machine spraying, smokes and fogging; including equipment clean-downs and disposal.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falsePROFESSIONAL_WORKER_USEINDUSTRIALSU_1PC_81.37E-6Amount of substance use per day: Supplied by registrant
Fraction of Regional tonnage used locally: 0.05% (default value) / Number of emission days per year: 365 (default)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Mass partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8a and 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Mass partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8a and 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The value was assigned using a mass balance approach that takes advantage of the sector knowledge and professional judgement of individuals within the expert group responsible for creating this SpERC factsheet. The determination employs an informed decision-making process that assumed complete release of the chemical substances to the environment. Mass parttiioning of the release to air, water, and soil takes into consideration the default release factors associated with ERC 8a and 8d. The assigned release factors were reviewed and agreed upon by a broad group of knowledgeable specialists within the sector organization (CEFIC, 2012).
CEFIC (2012). Cefic Guidance Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERCs) Chemical Safety Assessments, Supply Chain Communication and Downstream User Compliance. Revision 2, European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/REACH-Implementation/Guidance-and-Tools/SPERCs-Specific-Envirnonmental-Release-Classes.pdf.The value was derived from survey data that documented the annual loss of empty pesticide jugs, pails and drums after accounting for the returns to plastic recycling facilities in Ontario (WMCS, 2011). This value of 55 tonnes/yr was divided by the annual pesticide sales volume of 5403 tonnes/yr for application on fruit, vegetable, and field crops in Ontario (FFCO, 2015). An uncertainty factor of 5 has been applied to the resulting waste release factor of 1% since the survey did not account for the disposal of unused agricultural chemicals seeing widespread use.
FFCO (2015). Survey of Pesticide Use in Ontario, 2013/2014: Estimates of Pesticides Used on Field Crops and Fruit and Vegetable Crops. Farm & Food Care Ontario Guelph. Ontario. http://www.farmfoodcareon.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/ONTARIO-Pesticide-Use-Survey-Final-2013.pdf.
WMCS (2011). Ontario Agricultural Waste Characterization Study. Waste Management Consulting Services. London, Ontario. https://cleanfarms.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/OntarioAgWasteCharacterizationReport_FINAL_20110606.pdf..ESVOC 8.11a.v2ERC_8d1.090.09.05.0.ESVOC 8.11a.v2ERC_8a1.090.09.05.0ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor/outdoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOOR_OUTDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YESEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPfalsetrueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-STANDARDWATERWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONUnused and spent products and solutions should be appropriately labelled and stored for eventual recovery or disposal as hazardous waste. A suitable unbreakable and closable container should be used when storing and shipping hazardous materials. The containers must be solvent compatible, leakproof, and free of any defects. Contaminated debris such as disposable paper towels, brushes, rollers, masks, transfer vessels, and wipes that may contain small amounts of solvent residue need to be handled as hazardous waste and properly disposed of in a manner that is consistent with local, regional, and national regulations. Direct disposal of waste into a municipal sewer system needs to conform with all applicable laws and regulations. A spill plan needs to be available that outlines the steps to be taken to minimize any potential health and environmental threats.
EPA (2001). Managing Your Hazardous Waste: A Guide for Small Businesses. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-12/documents/k01005.pdf.falsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEdefault value
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse10.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland.
https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse0.05955c0d59-fd12-43c5-9972-837343b559fano obligatory RMMs
Emissions to air are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
DPI&F (2005). Agricultural Chemical Users' Maual: Guidelines and Principles for Responsible Agricultural Chemical Use. The State of Queensland, Department of Primary Industriies and Fisheries. Brisbane, Australia. https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/54738/AgChem-UsersManual.pdf.falsefalse3f069f4b-3712-47a1-870f-13374c7dc0b6e2ff2b9a-aade-4cd8-a747-9c5949f3f45aBy default, the release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /day. The effluent discharge rate is applicable to a group of 10,000 inhabitants who generate 200 L of wastewater per person.
The removal efficiency is provided by the SimpleTreat model, which takes into consideration the biodegradability, partitioning behaviour, and volatility of an organic substance. Degradation assumes the operation of an aerobic activated-sludge reactor under steady-state conditions.
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse16210cfb-e2ef-444f-89d4-c73f3e9e7e5497635f96-a1a7-4dfb-8c94-b8601e135e01No obligatory RMMs
Emissions to soil are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
DPI&F (2005). Agricultural Chemical Users' Maual: Guidelines and Principles for Responsible Agricultural Chemical Use. The State of Queensland, Department of Primary Industriies and Fisheries. Brisbane, Australia. https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/54738/AgChem-UsersManual.pdf.falsefalsef8445219-53e8-47fe-8b58-0e45b677b0e2Jan. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-03-23T13:28:202020-04-21T11:48:48ACTIVE1ESVOC SPERC 8.3c.v2Coating use (consumer): solvent-borneSubstance types / functions / properties included or excluded
Applicable to petroleum substances and petrochemicals.
Additional specification of product types covered:
Includes a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, acetates, glycols, glycol ethers, and glycol ether acetates.
Inclusion of sub-SPERCs
2 ERCs -8a and 8d- covered by same sub-SPERCCovers the use in coatings (paints, inks, adhesives, etc.) including exposures during use (including materials receipt, storage, preparation and transfer from bulk and semi-bulk, application by spray, roller, brush, spreader by hand or similar methods, and film formation) and equipment cleaning, maintenance and associated laboratory activities.https://www.esig.org/reach-ges/environment/falseCONSUMER_USEINDUSTRIALSU_0PC_351.37E-6Amount of substance use per day: Supplied by registrant
Fraction of Regional tonnage used locally: 0.05% (default value) / Number of emission days per year: 365 (default)
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfThe value was assigned using a mass balance approach that relied on air emission values provided in an Emission Scenario Document for a group of five different solvent-based coatings used in industrial, professional, or consumer applications (OECD, 2009). The air release associated with the consumer use of a decorative coating was adjusted upward to account for the emission increases that may be observed with other coating types used in this life cycle stage.
OECD (2009). Emission Scenario Document on Coating Industry (Paints. Laquers and Varnishes). No. 22, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2009)24&doclanguage=en.The value was assigned using a mass balance approach that relied on water emission values provided in an Emission Scenario Document for a group of five different solvent-based coatings used in industrial, professional, or consumer applications (OECD, 2009). The water release associated with the consumer use of a decorative coating was used as provided without any further adjustment or modificaton.
OECD (2009). Emission Scenario Document on Coating Industry (Paints. Laquers and Varnishes). No. 22, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2009)24&doclanguage=en.The release to soil was designed to preserve the mass balance following the identification of appropriate air and water release factors. Mass partitioning of the release to air, water, and soil ensures that all emissions are accounted for in a well-reasoned and scientifically-justified manner.
OECD (2009). Emission Scenario Document on Coating Industry (Paints. Laquers and Varnishes). No. 22, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2009)24&doclanguage=en.The waste generation factor was taken from an Emission Scenario Document (ESD) for the consumer application of a decorative coating (OECD, 2009). The factor represents the amount of solvent waste that remains unused in the paint can and the waste that remains on the brushes and rollers following application. An adjustment factor has not been applied to this value since the assessment is representative of use conditions associated with a wide range of professional cleaning products.
OECD (2009). Emission Scenario Document on Coating Industry (Paints. Laquers and Varnishes). No. 22, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2009)24&doclanguage=en..ESVOC 8.3c.v2ERC_8a1.098.50.57.0.ESVOC 8.3c.v2ERC_8d1.098.50.57.0ENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USEIndoor/Outdoor usefalsetrueENVIRONMENT_PLACE_OF_USE_INDOOR_OUTDOORWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USEwater contact during usefalsetrueWATER_CONTACT_DURING_USE_YESEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STPfalsetrueEUSES_BIOLOGICAL_STP-STANDARDWATERWASTE_TREATMENT_CONSIDERATIONAlthough household hazardous waste (HHW) represents a small portion of the total domestic waste produced by consumers, it needs to be separated from normal trash and amassed for special handling. Many regional municipalities have established voluntary procedures for the identification, collection, and disposal of HHW in a safe and efficient manner. Once amassed, the HHW can be transported to collection sites where it is reused, recycled, or incinerated. The handling and disposal of hazardous waste needs to conform with established practices and local/regional regulations in order to minimize environmental release and the potential for ecological harm.
Inglezakis, V.J., Moustakas, K. (2015). Household hazardous waste management: A review. Journal of Environmental Management 150, 310-321. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.11.021.falsetrueWASTE_CONSIDERATION_OTHER_TREATMENTRELEASE_MODULE_REGIONAL_SCALEECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse10.0b01387f9-2687-4637-9379-9ff1cd357cdcECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment
Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse0.052f9dfc77-6201-431c-8813-ff339105dc53no obligatory RMMs
Emissions to air are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
BCERF, 1999. Safe Use and Storage of Hazardous Household Products. Cornell University, Program on Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors. Ithaca, NY. https://extensionhealthyhomes.org/Documents/fs22.safeUse.pdf.falsefalse0b001823-fe6d-4a52-a69e-497bcef2cea98ef2dae1-f09e-497d-a5e7-867cf0b2ad2aNo obligatory RMMs
Emissions to soil are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
BCERF, 1999. Safe Use and Storage of Hazardous Household Products. Cornell University, Program on Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors. Ithaca, NY. https://extensionhealthyhomes.org/Documents/fs22.safeUse.pdf.falsefalseb6171619-e8f8-4f36-91bb-bc02ff074b3ea701fb8e-6048-4185-99d9-057194383032By default, the release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /day. The effluent discharge rate is applicable to a group of 10,000 inhabitants who generate 200 L of wastewater per person.
The removal efficiency is provided by the SimpleTreat model, which takes into consideration the biodegradability, partitioning behaviour, and volatility of an organic substance. Degradation assumes the operation of an aerobic activated-sludge reactor under steady-state conditions.
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalsefalse680131f3-a628-41aa-a158-d5143add2e5aApr. 2019ESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-04-21T10:57:482020-04-21T10:57:48ACTIVEENVIRONMENTRMM limiting release to airfalseAIRE_W_3E_C_4no obligatory RMMstrueno obligatory RMMs
Emissions to air are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
BCERF, 1999. Safe Use and Storage of Hazardous Household Products. Cornell University, Program on Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors. Ithaca, NY. https://extensionhealthyhomes.org/Documents/fs22.safeUse.pdf.
AEA, 2025. Recommendations for De-icing/Anti-icing Aeroplanes on the Ground. Association of European Airlines. Brussels, Belgium. https://skybrary.aero/bookshelf/books/2869.pdf.
Madanhire, I. and Mbohwa, C. (2016). Proper Lubricants Handling. In: Mitigating Environmental Impact of Petroleum Lubricants, Springer, Basel, Switzerland, pp. 179-188.
Skerlos, S.J. (2007). Prevention of Metalworking Fluid Pollution: Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing at the Machine Tool. In: Kutz, M. (Ed.), Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, pp. 95-122.
DPI&F (2005). Agricultural Chemical Users' Maual: Guidelines and Principles for Responsible Agricultural Chemical Use. The State of Queensland, Department of Primary Industriies and Fisheries. Brisbane, Australia. https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/54738/AgChem-UsersManual.pdf.
TSSA (2018). Procedure for the Handling of Fuel at Construction Sites. Technical Standards and Safety Authority, Civil Engineerng Sector Lsabour-Management Health and Safety Committee. Toronto, Canada.
Danfoss, 2016. Technical Information: Hydraulic Fluids and Lubricants Oils, Lubricants, Grease, Jelly. Danfoss Power Solutions GmbH. Neumunster, Germany. http://files.danfoss.com/documents/520L0463.pdf.
Gray, J. (2018). Pollution from construction. Sustainable Build. Chesire, United Kingdom. http://www.sustainablebuild.co.uk/PollutionFromConstruction.html
Pillai, J. (1997). Flocculants and Coagulants: The Keys to Water and Waste Management in Aggregate Production. R-680, Nalco Company. Naprville, IL. http://www.aniq.org.mx/pqta/pdf/Flocculants%20and%20Coagulants%20NALCO%20(LIT).pdf.
Nunez, C.M., et al. (1999). Evaluation of pollution prevention options to reduce styrene emissions from fiber-reinforced plastic open molding processes. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 49, 256-267.
Skerlos, S.J. (2007). Prevention of Metalworking Fluid Pollution: Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing at the Machine Tool. In: Kutz, M. (Ed.), Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, pp. 95-122.
USEPA (1996). Evaluation of Pollution Prevention Opportunities for Mold Release Agents. EPA/600/SR-96/075, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory. Research Triangle Park, NC. https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/P1000I81.PDF?Dockey=P1000I81.PDF.
DPI&F (2005). Agricultural Chemical Users' Maual: Guidelines and Principles for Responsible Agricultural Chemical Use. The State of Queensland, Department of Primary Industriies and Fisheries. Brisbane, Australia. https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/54738/AgChem-UsersManual.pdf.
Optional RMMs have been assigned a nominal removal efficiency value that is not accounted for in the air release factor. See the background document for more information.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalseESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-04-21T10:58:152020-04-21T10:58:15ACTIVEENVIRONMENTRMM limiting release to soilfalseSOILE_W_3E_C_4No obligatory RMMstrueNo obligatory RMMs
Emissions to soil are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
BCERF, 1999. Safe Use and Storage of Hazardous Household Products. Cornell University, Program on Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors. Ithaca, NY. https://extensionhealthyhomes.org/Documents/fs22.safeUse.pdf.
AEA, 2025. Recommendations for De-icing/Anti-icing Aeroplanes on the Ground. Association of European Airlines. Brussels, Belgium. https://skybrary.aero/bookshelf/books/2869.pdf.
Madanhire, I. and Mbohwa, C. (2016). Proper Lubricants Handling. In: Mitigating Environmental Impact of Petroleum Lubricants, Springer, Basel, Switzerland, pp. 179-188.
Skerlos, S.J. (2007). Prevention of Metalworking Fluid Pollution: Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing at the Machine Tool. In: Kutz, M. (Ed.), Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, pp. 95-122.
USEPA (1996). Evaluation of Pollution Prevention Opportunities for Mold Release Agents. EPA/600/SR-96/075, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory. Research Triangle Park, NC. https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/P1000I81.PDF?Dockey=P1000I81.PDF.
DPI&F (2005). Agricultural Chemical Users' Maual: Guidelines and Principles for Responsible Agricultural Chemical Use. The State of Queensland, Department of Primary Industriies and Fisheries. Brisbane, Australia. https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/54738/AgChem-UsersManual.pdf.
TSSA (2018). Procedure for the Handling of Fuel at Construction Sites. Technical Standards and Safety Authority, Civil Engineerng Sector Lsabour-Management Health and Safety Committee. Toronto, Canada.
Danfoss, 2016. Technical Information: Hydraulic Fluids and Lubricants Oils, Lubricants, Grease, Jelly. Danfoss Power Solutions GmbH. Neumunster, Germany. http://files.danfoss.com/documents/520L0463.pdf.
Gray, J. (2018). Pollution from construction. Sustainable Build. Chesire, United Kingdom. http://www.sustainablebuild.co.uk/PollutionFromConstruction.html.
Pillai, J. (1997). Flocculants and Coagulants: The Keys to Water and Waste Management in Aggregate Production. R-680, Nalco Company. Naprville, IL. http://www.aniq.org.mx/pqta/pdf/Flocculants%20and%20Coagulants%20NALCO%20(LIT).pdf.
Nunez, C.M., et al. (1999). Evaluation of pollution prevention options to reduce styrene emissions from fiber-reinforced plastic open molding processes. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 49, 256-267.falseThe sludge generated from wastewater treatment is not applied to agricultural soil.falseThe sludge generated from wastewater treatment is not applied to agricultural soil. ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland.
https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfESCom-11133170644trueESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-02-19T14:38:012020-02-19T14:40:18ACTIVEENVIRONMENTfalseAIRSOILWATERE_W_2E_C_250.0=ESCom-15193135620Amount of susbtance use per day XXX tonnes/day
Fraction of EU tonnage used in region: 100%
Fraction of regional tonnage used locally: 100%
Justification/information source:
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland.
https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfESCom-10076084403trueESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-04-20T19:18:572020-04-20T19:18:57OBSOLETE2f9dfc77-6201-431c-8813-ff339105dc53ENVIRONMENTRMM limiting release to airfalseAIRE_W_3no obligatory RMMstrueno obligatory RMMs
Emissions to air are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
BCERF, 1999. Safe Use and Storage of Hazardous Household Products. Cornell University, Program on Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors. Ithaca, NY. https://extensionhealthyhomes.org/Documents/fs22.safeUse.pdf.
AEA, 2025. Recommendations for De-icing/Anti-icing Aeroplanes on the Ground. Association of European Airlines. Brussels, Belgium. https://skybrary.aero/bookshelf/books/2869.pdf.
Madanhire, I. and Mbohwa, C. (2016). Proper Lubricants Handling. In: Mitigating Environmental Impact of Petroleum Lubricants, Springer, Basel, Switzerland, pp. 179-188.
Skerlos, S.J. (2007). Prevention of Metalworking Fluid Pollution: Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing at the Machine Tool. In: Kutz, M. (Ed.), Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, pp. 95-122.
DPI&F (2005). Agricultural Chemical Users' Maual: Guidelines and Principles for Responsible Agricultural Chemical Use. The State of Queensland, Department of Primary Industriies and Fisheries. Brisbane, Australia. https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/54738/AgChem-UsersManual.pdf.
TSSA (2018). Procedure for the Handling of Fuel at Construction Sites. Technical Standards and Safety Authority, Civil Engineerng Sector Lsabour-Management Health and Safety Committee. Toronto, Canada.
Danfoss, 2016. Technical Information: Hydraulic Fluids and Lubricants Oils, Lubricants, Grease, Jelly. Danfoss Power Solutions GmbH. Neumunster, Germany. http://files.danfoss.com/documents/520L0463.pdf.
Gray, J. (2018). Pollution from construction. Sustainable Build. Chesire, United Kingdom. http://www.sustainablebuild.co.uk/PollutionFromConstruction.html
Pillai, J. (1997). Flocculants and Coagulants: The Keys to Water and Waste Management in Aggregate Production. R-680, Nalco Company. Naprville, IL. http://www.aniq.org.mx/pqta/pdf/Flocculants%20and%20Coagulants%20NALCO%20(LIT).pdf.
Nunez, C.M., et al. (1999). Evaluation of pollution prevention options to reduce styrene emissions from fiber-reinforced plastic open molding processes. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 49, 256-267.
Skerlos, S.J. (2007). Prevention of Metalworking Fluid Pollution: Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing at the Machine Tool. In: Kutz, M. (Ed.), Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, pp. 95-122.
USEPA (1996). Evaluation of Pollution Prevention Opportunities for Mold Release Agents. EPA/600/SR-96/075, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory. Research Triangle Park, NC. https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/P1000I81.PDF?Dockey=P1000I81.PDF.
DPI&F (2005). Agricultural Chemical Users' Maual: Guidelines and Principles for Responsible Agricultural Chemical Use. The State of Queensland, Department of Primary Industriies and Fisheries. Brisbane, Australia. https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/54738/AgChem-UsersManual.pdf.
Optional RMMs have been assigned a nominal removal efficiency value that is not accounted for in the air release factor. See the background document for more information.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdffalseESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-04-20T17:48:442020-04-20T17:48:44OBSOLETE8ef2dae1-f09e-497d-a5e7-867cf0b2ad2aENVIRONMENTRMM limiting release to soilfalseSOILE_W_3No obligatory RMMstrueNo obligatory RMMs
Emissions to soil are minimized when the product is used in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and / or the established practices.
BCERF, 1999. Safe Use and Storage of Hazardous Household Products. Cornell University, Program on Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors. Ithaca, NY. https://extensionhealthyhomes.org/Documents/fs22.safeUse.pdf.
AEA, 2025. Recommendations for De-icing/Anti-icing Aeroplanes on the Ground. Association of European Airlines. Brussels, Belgium. https://skybrary.aero/bookshelf/books/2869.pdf.
Madanhire, I. and Mbohwa, C. (2016). Proper Lubricants Handling. In: Mitigating Environmental Impact of Petroleum Lubricants, Springer, Basel, Switzerland, pp. 179-188.
Skerlos, S.J. (2007). Prevention of Metalworking Fluid Pollution: Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing at the Machine Tool. In: Kutz, M. (Ed.), Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, pp. 95-122.
USEPA (1996). Evaluation of Pollution Prevention Opportunities for Mold Release Agents. EPA/600/SR-96/075, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory. Research Triangle Park, NC. https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/P1000I81.PDF?Dockey=P1000I81.PDF.
DPI&F (2005). Agricultural Chemical Users' Maual: Guidelines and Principles for Responsible Agricultural Chemical Use. The State of Queensland, Department of Primary Industriies and Fisheries. Brisbane, Australia. https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/54738/AgChem-UsersManual.pdf.
TSSA (2018). Procedure for the Handling of Fuel at Construction Sites. Technical Standards and Safety Authority, Civil Engineerng Sector Lsabour-Management Health and Safety Committee. Toronto, Canada.
Danfoss, 2016. Technical Information: Hydraulic Fluids and Lubricants Oils, Lubricants, Grease, Jelly. Danfoss Power Solutions GmbH. Neumunster, Germany. http://files.danfoss.com/documents/520L0463.pdf.
Gray, J. (2018). Pollution from construction. Sustainable Build. Chesire, United Kingdom. http://www.sustainablebuild.co.uk/PollutionFromConstruction.html.
Pillai, J. (1997). Flocculants and Coagulants: The Keys to Water and Waste Management in Aggregate Production. R-680, Nalco Company. Naprville, IL. http://www.aniq.org.mx/pqta/pdf/Flocculants%20and%20Coagulants%20NALCO%20(LIT).pdf.
Nunez, C.M., et al. (1999). Evaluation of pollution prevention options to reduce styrene emissions from fiber-reinforced plastic open molding processes. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 49, 256-267.falseThe sludge generated from wastewater treatment is not applied to agricultural soil.falseThe sludge generated from wastewater treatment is not applied to agricultural soil. ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland.
https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdfESCom-11133170644trueChesarIUC5-97ce9eec-ebfd-4b2d-a61b-b9a975e920b52015-03-16T16:40:11ACTIVEENVIRONMENTEUSES DeterminanttrueWATERE_W_4EUSES 2.1.2YestruefalseNofalseESCom-11133170644trueChesarIUC5-97ce9eec-ebfd-4b2d-a61b-b9a975e920b52015-03-16T16:40:11ACTIVEENVIRONMENTtrueAIRSOILWATERE_W_6E_C_4IndoorfalseESCom-9313213237trueOutdoorfalseESCom-9313213238trueIndoor/OutdoorfalseESCom-10133220202trueChesarIUC5-97ce9eec-ebfd-4b2d-a61b-b9a975e920b52015-03-16T16:40:112020-03-06T09:08:33ACTIVEENVIRONMENTEUSES DeterminanttrueWATERE_W_4E_C_4EUSES 2.1.2StandardtrueESCom-11133170613trueWATER0.0100.0Site specificfalseESCom-11133171638trueWATER0.0100.0NonefalsefalseWATER0.00.00.0ChesarIUC5-97ce9eec-ebfd-4b2d-a61b-b9a975e920b52015-03-16T16:40:11ACTIVEENVIRONMENTEUSES DeterminanttrueWATERE_W_4EUSES 2.1.22000.00.0>=ESCom-11133170818ESCom-10133222104trueChesarIUC5-97ce9eec-ebfd-4b2d-a61b-b9a975e920b52015-03-16T16:40:11ACTIVEENVIRONMENTReleaseModule's DeterminanttrueAIRSOILWATERE_W_2EUSES 2.1.20.0<=ESCom-15193135620ESCom-10076084403trueChesarIUC5-97ce9eec-ebfd-4b2d-a61b-b9a975e920b52015-03-16T16:40:11ACTIVEENVIRONMENTReleaseModule's DeterminanttrueAIRSOILWATERE_W_2E_C_2EUSES 2.1.20.0100.0=ESCom-9269144102falseChesarIUC5-97ce9eec-ebfd-4b2d-a61b-b9a975e920b52015-03-16T16:40:11ACTIVEENVIRONMENTSpecific conditions during the waste life stage of the substance potentially going beyond the local or national legal requirements for waste treatment (disposal or recovery) operations. The determinant values either provide i) a generic justification why no particular considerations regarding environmental risks from the waste life stage are needed or ii) indicate particular conditions to be met during waste treatment. For both assessment cases the single registrant can edit justification/conditions if the generic determinant values do not cover his case.trueWATERE_W_5E_C_3EUSES 2.1.2No (no waste)falseNo waste generated.ESCom-11133170674trueNo (low risk)falseERC based assessment demonstrating control of risk with default conditions. Low risk assumed for waste life stage. Waste disposal according to national/local legislation is sufficient.ESCom-11133171479trueNo (low amount)falseParticular risks from waste treatment unlikely due to small fraction of used substance entering into the waste stage. Waste disposal according to national/local legislation is sufficient.ESCom-11133171479trueNo (low concentration)falseParticular risks from waste treatment unlikely due low concentration of substance in waste stream. Waste disposal according to national/local legislation is sufficient.ESCom-11133171479trueNo (other reason)falseWaste disposal according to national/local legislation is sufficient. "Explanation for the CSR" to be reported by each registrant:ESCom-11133171479trueDedicated recollection infrastructure requiredfalseESCom-12355002107trueBiological treatment not appropriatefalseESCom-12355002101trueIncineration not appropriatefalseESCom-12355002100truePrevent formation of hazardous break down products during thermal waste treatment destruction.falsePrevent formation of hazardous break down products during thermal waste treatment.trueClosed system required to minimise release to the environment.falseClosed system required to minimise release to the environment during waste treatment.trueOtherfalse"Explanation for the CSR" to be reported by each registrant on the specific conditions required for waste treatment:trueChesarIUC5-97ce9eec-ebfd-4b2d-a61b-b9a975e920b52020-03-06T09:02:47ACTIVEENVIRONMENTtrueWATERE_W_6E_C_4Yesfalsewater contact during use.trueNofalseESCom-16354140700trueESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-04-21T10:58:482020-04-21T10:58:48ACTIVEENVIRONMENTRMM limiting release to waterfalseWATERE_W_3E_C_4The release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /daytrueBy default, the release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /day. The effluent discharge rate is applicable to a group of 10,000 inhabitants who generate 200 L of wastewater per person.
The removal efficiency is provided by the SimpleTreat model, which takes into consideration the biodegradability, partitioning behaviour, and volatility of an organic substance. Degradation assumes the operation of an aerobic activated-sludge reactor under steady-state conditions.
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalseOil-water separation (e.g. via oil water separators, oil skimmers, or dissolved air flotation) is required.falseOil-water separation (e.g. via oil water separators, oil skimmers, or
dissolved air flotation) is required.
The efficiency of this RMM varies dependent on the treatment technology and the properties of the substance.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdfESCom-12355002173trueESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-02-20T12:11:212020-03-06T09:30:51ACTIVEENVIRONMENTReleaseModule's DeterminantfalseAIRSOILWATERE_W_2E_C_2EUSES 2.1.2100.00.0100.0=ESCom-9269144102ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland.
https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalseESIGIUC5-ead92b6f-f38f-4025-8388-c8dab8f685422020-04-20T17:40:212020-04-20T17:40:21OBSOLETEa701fb8e-6048-4185-99d9-057194383032ENVIRONMENTRMM limiting release to waterfalseWATERE_W_3The release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /daytrueBy default, the release to water is modified after biological treatment at a standard municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with an effluent flow rate of 2,000 m3 /day. The effluent discharge rate is applicable to a group of 10,000 inhabitants who generate 200 L of wastewater per person.
The removal efficiency is provided by the SimpleTreat model, which takes into consideration the biodegradability, partitioning behaviour, and volatility of an organic substance. Degradation assumes the operation of an aerobic activated-sludge reactor under steady-state conditions.
ECHA (2016). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0. European Chemicals Agency. Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r16_en.pdffalseOil-water separation (e.g. via oil water separators, oil skimmers, or dissolved air flotation) is required.falseOil-water separation (e.g. via oil water separators, oil skimmers, or
dissolved air flotation) is required.
The efficiency of this RMM varies dependent on the treatment technology and the properties of the substance.
EU (2016). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector. Report EUR 28112 EN. European IPPC Bureau. Seville, Spain. http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CWW_Bref_2016_published.pdfESCom-12355002173trueDaily amount per sitetruetruetrueIndoor/Outdoor usefalsefalsefalseAssumed domestic sewage treatment plant flowtruetruetrueMunicipal sewage treatment plant is assumed.falsefalsefalseNo application of sewage sludge to soilfalsefalsefalseNo waste from processfalsefalsefalsem3/dayfalsefalsefalseDispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.falsefalsefalseProvide onsite wastewater removal efficiency oftruetruetrueIncineration is not appropriate for waste.falsefalsefalseBiological treatment is not appropriate for waste.falsefalsefalseDedicated recollection infrastructure required for wastefalsefalsefalseAssumes no free product in wastewater stream; oil-water separation (e.g. via oil water separators, oil skimmers, dissolved air floatation) may be required under some circumstances.falsefalsefalsetonnes/dayfalsefalsefalseNo water contact during use.falsefalsefalseAerobic biological treatmentfalsefalsefalse%falsefalsefalseIndoor usefalsefalsefalseOutdoor usefalsefalsefalse